Aholi jon boshiga YIM (XQP) ga koʻra davlatlar roʻyxati
_per_capita_in_2024.svg)
| >$60,000 $50,000 – $60,000 $40,000 – $50,000 $30,000 – $40,000 | $20,000 – $30,000 60,000 – $20,000 $5,000 – 70,000 $2,500 – $5,000 | 9,000 – $2,500 <10,000 Ma'lumot mavjud emas |
Aholi jon boshiga Xarid qobiliyati pariteti (XQP) ga koʻra yalpi ichki mahsulot (YaIM) deb maʼlum bir yil ichida mamlakat iqsodiyotida ishlab chiqarilgan barcha yakuniy tovarlar va xizmatlarning PXQP qiymatini oʻsha yil uchun oʻrtacha (yoki yil oʻrtasida) aholi soniga boʻlib chiqilgan koʻrsatkichga aytiladi. Bu jon boshiga nominal YaIM koʻrsatkichga oʻxshaydi, lekin har bir mamlakatdagi yashash qiymati bilan moslashtirilgan.
2019-yilda, dunyodagi barcha mamlakatlarning oʻrtacha bir kishiga toʻgʻri keladigan YaIM (XQP) miqdori taxminan 18,381 xalqaro dollarni tashkil etgan.
Hisoblash usuli
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Bu sahifadagi aholi jon boshiga yalpi ichki mahsulot (YaIM) raqamlari XQP hisob-kitoblaridan kelib chiqqan. Bunday hisob-kitoblar XVJ va Jahon banki kabi turli tashkilotlar tomonidan tayyorlanadi. Bir necha tashkilotlar tomonidan bitta mamlakat uchun berilgan maʼlumotlar farqlanishi mumkin, shuning uchun ular ehtiyotkorlik bilan qoʻllanishi zarur.
Milliy boyliklarni taqqoslash koʻpincha nominal YaIM va jamgʻarmalar (faqat daromad emas) asosida amalga oshiriladi, ammo bu turli mamlakatlardagi yashash qiymatidagi farqlarni aks ettirmaydi; shuning uchun XQP asosida hisoblash davlatlarning yashash standartlari oʻrtasidagi farqlarni taqqoslashda ustunlik beradi. Chunki XQP mamlakatlarning nisbiy yashash qiymati va faqat valyuta kurslaridan foydalanish oʻrniga inflatsiya darajasini ham hisobga oladi, bu esa real daromadlardagi farqlarni yoʻq qilishi mumkin.
Shu sababli, aholi jon boshiga toʻgʻri keladigan YaIM (XQP) mamlakatning yashash darajasi koʻrsatkichi sifatida koʻriladi[1][2]. Chunki YaIMning kishi boshiga toʻgʻri keladigan koʻrsatkichi shaxsiy daromad oʻlchovi hisoblanmaydi.
YaIM (XQP) va kishi boshiga toʻgʻri keladigan YaIM (XQP) odatda xalqaro dollar bilan oʻlchanadi, bu AQSh dollarining Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlaridagi xarid qobiliyatiga teng boʻlgan taxminiy valyutasidir.
Jadval
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Barcha raqamlar amaldagi xalqaro dollar bilan berilgan va eng yaqin butun songa yaxlitlangan.
Jadval dastlab har bir mamlakat yoki hududni ularning soʻngi mavjud yil maʼlumotlari bilan reytinglaydi va har qanday manbalardan qayta reytinglanishi mumkin.
| Mamlakat | XVJ[3][4] | Jahon Banki[5] | MRB[6][7][8] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kutilma | Yil | Koʻrsatkich | Yil | Koʻrsatkich | Yil | |
 Lyuksemburg |
143,743 | 2024 | 143,342 | 2023 | 115,700 | 2021 |
 Lixtenshteyn |
— | — | 139,100 | 2009 | ||
 Ireland |
133,822 | 2024 | 127,623 | 2023 | 102,500 | 2021 |
 Singapur |
133,737 | 2024 | 141,500 | 2023 | 106,000 | 2021 |
 Makao |
125,510 | 2024 | 113,183 | 2023 | 64,800 | 2021 |
 Monako |
— | — | 115,700 | 2015 | ||
 Qatar Davlati |
112,283 | 2024 | 121,125 | 2022 | 92,200 | 2021 |
 Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari |
96,846 | 2024 | 83,903 | 2023 | 69,700 | 2021 |
 Bermuda orollari |
— | 106,866 | 2022 | 80,300 | 2021 | |
 Shveysariya |
91,932 | 2024 | 92,980 | 2023 | 71,000 | 2021 |
 San Marino |
86,989 | 2024 | 65,718 | 2021 | 56,400 | 2020 |
 AQSh |
85,373 | 2024 | 81,695 | 2023 | 63,700 | 2021 |
 Men oroli |
— | — | 84,600 | 2014 | ||
 Kayman orollari |
— | 85,168 | 2022 | 67,500 | 2021 | |
 Norvegiya |
82,832 | 2024 | 104,460 | 2023 | 65,700 | 2021 |
 Gayana |
80,137 | 2024 | 55,263 | 2023 | 21,900 | 2021 |
 Daniya |
77,641 | 2024 | 76,688 | 2023 | 58,000 | 2021 |
 Bruney |
77,534 | 2024 | 86,446 | 2023 | 60,100 | 2021 |
 [[Tayvan|]] |
76,858 | 2024 | — | 47,800 | 2019 | |
 Gonkong |
75,128 | 2024 | 71,482 | 2023 | 60,000 | 2021 |
 Niderlandiya |
74,158 | 2024 | 78,215 | 2023 | 56,600 | 2021 |
 Islandiya |
73,784 | 2024 | 77,567 | 2023 | 53,600 | 2020 |
 Folklend orollari |
— | — | 70,800 | 2015 | ||
 Saudiya Arabistoni |
70,333 | 2024 | 54,992 | 2023 | 44,300 | 2021 |
 Avstriya |
69,460 | 2024 | 73,751 | 2023 | 54,100 | 2021 |
 Shvetsiya |
69,177 | 2024 | 70,207 | 2023 | 53,600 | 2021 |
 Andorra |
69,146 | 2024 | 71,588 | 2023 | 49,900 | 2015 |
 Belgiya |
68,079 | 2024 | 70,456 | 2023 | 51,700 | 2021 |
| Malta Respublikasi |
67,682 | 2024 | 62,446 | 2023 | 44,700 | 2021 |
 Germaniya |
67,245 | 2024 | 69,338 | 2023 | 53,100 | 2021 |
 Avstraliya |
66,627 | 2024 | 69,115 | 2023 | 49,800 | 2021 |
 Bahrayn |
62,671 | 2024 | 63,848 | 2023 | 49,400 | 2021 |
 Gibraltar |
— | — | 61,700 | 2014 | ||
 Finlandiya |
60,851 | 2024 | 65,061 | 2023 | 48,800 | 2021 |
 Kanada |
60,495 | 2024 | 61,582 | 2023 | 47,900 | 2021 |
 Fransiya |
60,339 | 2024 | 61,157 | 2023 | 45,000 | 2021 |
 Janubiy Koreya |
59,330 | 2024 | 54,033 | 2023 | 44,200 | 2021 |
 Buyuk Britaniya |
58,880 | 2024 | 58,906 | 2023 | 45,000 | 2021 |
 YI |
58,838 | 2024 | 60,349 | 2023 | 44,100 | 2021 |
 Kipr Respublikasi |
58,733 | 2024 | 57,101 | 2023 | 41,700 | 2021 |
| Italiya |
56,905 | 2024 | 58,755 | 2023 | 41,900 | 2021 |
 Jersey |
— | — | 56,600 | 2016 | ||
 Isroil |
55,533 | 2024 | 53,434 | 2023 | 42,100 | 2021 |
 Aruba |
54,716 | 2024 | 45,236 | 2022 | 38,900 | 2021 |
 Yaponiya |
54,184 | 2024 | 50,207 | 2023 | 40,800 | 2021 |
 Yangi Zelandiya |
53,797 | 2024 | 54,110 | 2023 | 42,900 | 2021 |
 Sloveniya |
53,287 | 2024 | 54,948 | 2023 | 40,000 | 2021 |
 Guernsey |
— | — | 52,500 | 2014 | ||
 Kuvayt |
52,274 | 2024 | 56,386 | 2023 | 43,900 | 2020 |
 Ispaniya |
52,012 | 2024 | 52,779 | 2023 | 37,900 | 2021 |
 Litva |
50,600 | 2024 | 51,877 | 2023 | 39,300 | 2021 |
 Chexiya |
50,475 | 2024 | 53,817 | 2023 | 40,700 | 2020 |
 Sint Maarten (Dutch part) |
— | 51,527 | 2023 | 35,300 | 2018 | |
 Polsha |
49,060 | 2024 | 49,464 | 2023 | 34,900 | 2021 |
 Portugaliya |
47,070 | 2024 | 48,759 | 2023 | 33,700 | 2021 |
 Bagamalar |
46,524 | 2024 | 35,555 | 2023 | 30,200 | 2021 |
 Sen-Pyer va Mikelon |
— | — | 46,200 | 2006 | ||
 Xorvatiya |
45,702 | 2024 | 45,910 | 2023 | 31,600 | 2021 |
 Vengriya |
45,692 | 2024 | 45,942 | 2023 | 33,600 | 2021 |
 Estoniya |
45,122 | 2024 | 48,992 | 2023 | 38,700 | 2021 |
| Panama Respublikasi |
44,797 | 2024 | 39,695 | 2023 | 29,000 | 2021 |
 Slovakiya |
44,081 | 2024 | 44,650 | 2023 | 31,900 | 2021 |
 Turkiya |
43,921 | 2024 | 44,151 | 2023 | 31,500 | 2021 |
 Puerto Riko |
43,219 | 2024 | 47,700 | 2023 | 32,600 | 2021 |
 Ruminiya |
43,179 | 2024 | 47,903 | 2023 | 30,800 | 2021 |
 Seyshell orollari |
43,151 | 2024 | 32,694 | 2023 | 28,800 | 2021 |
 Grenlandiya |
— | — | 41,800 | 2015 | ||
 Latviya |
41,730 | 2024 | 42,501 | 2023 | 32,100 | 2021 |
 Yunoniston |
41,188 | 2024 | 41,187 | 2023 | 29,500 | 2021 |
 Farer orollari |
76,566 | 2022 | — | 40,000 | 2014 | |
 Ummon |
39,859 | 2024 | 44,421 | 2023 | 34,300 | 2021 |
 Malayziya |
39,030 | 2024 | 37,248 | 2023 | 26,300 | 2021 |
 Saint Kitts va Nevis |
38,870 | 2024 | 33,403 | 2023 | 26,500 | 2021 |
 Rossiya |
38,292 | 2024 | 44,104 | 2023 | 27,500 | 2022 |
| Maldiv |
37,433 | 2024 | 24,809 | 2023 | 18,800 | 2021 |
| Amerikaning Virgin orollari |
— | 46,238 | 2021 | 37,000 | 2016 | |
 Bolgariya |
35,963 | 2024 | 38,690 | 2023 | 24,400 | 2020 |
 Yangi Kaledoniya |
— | — | 35,700 | 2021 | ||
 Guam |
— | — | 35,600 | 2016 | ||
 Qozogʻiston |
34,534 | 2024 | 39,333 | 2023 | 26,100 | 2021 |
 Britaniya Virgin orollari |
— | — | 34,200 | 2017 | ||
 Montserrat |
— | — | 34,000 | 2011 | ||
 Trinidad va Tobago |
32,685 | 2024 | 31,572 | 2023 | 23,000 | 2021 |
 Mavrikiy |
32,094 | 2024 | 29,499 | 2023 | 21,000 | 2021 |
 Chili |
31,005 | 2024 | 33,285 | 2023 | 25,400 | 2021 |
 Urugvay |
30,170 | 2024 | 34,062 | 2023 | 22,800 | 2021 |
 Chernogoriya |
29,696 | 2024 | 31,216 | 2023 | 20,600 | 2021 |
 Kosta Rika |
28,558 | 2024 | 27,953 | 2023 | 21,200 | 2021 |
 Serbiya |
27,985 | 2024 | 27,402 | 2023 | 19,800 | 2021 |
 Antigua va Barbuda |
27,309 | 2024 | 31,802 | 2023 | 19,100 | 2021 |
 Kyurasao |
— | 29,524 | 2023 | 20,800 | 2021 | |
 Dominikan Respublikasi |
27,120 | 2024 | 25,611 | 2023 | 18,600 | 2021 |
 Liviya |
26,456 | 2024 | 19,641 | 2023 | 22,000 | 2021 |
| Argentina Respublikasi |
26,390 | 2024 | 29,363 | 2023 | 21,500 | 2021 |
 Meksika |
25,963 | 2024 | 25,602 | 2023 | 19,100 | 2021 |
| Belarus Respublikasi |
25,685 | 2024 | 30,752 | 2023 | 19,800 | 2021 |
 Gruziya |
25,248 | 2024 | 24,681 | 2023 | 15,500 | 2021 |
 Xitoy |
25,015 | 2024 | 24,558 | 2023 | 17,600 | 2021 |
 Shimoliy Mariana orollari |
— | — | 24,500 | 2016 | ||
 Terks va Kaykos orollari |
— | 24,820 | 2023 | 18,500 | 2021 | |
| Dunyo | 23,444 | 2024 | 20,946 | 2022 | 17,000 | 2021 |
 Tailand |
23,401 | 2024 | 23,423 | 2023 | 17,100 | 2021 |
 Shimoliy Makedoniya |
22,249 | 2024 | 24,873 | 2023 | 16,500 | 2021 |
 Grenada |
21,799 | 2024 | 17,654 | 2023 | 13,700 | 2021 |
 Armaniston |
21,746 | 2024 | 23,055 | 2023 | 14,200 | 2021 |
 Eron |
21,219 | 2024 | 17,922 | 2023 | 12,400 | 2020 |
 Braziliya |
20,809 | 2024 | 20,584 | 2023 | 14,100 | 2020 |
 Albaniya |
20,632 | 2024 | 21,395 | 2023 | 14,500 | 2021 |
 Bosniya va Gersegovina |
20,623 | 2024 | 22,846 | 2023 | 15,700 | 2021 |
 Barbados |
20,592 | 2024 | 19,357 | 2023 | 13,800 | 2021 |
 Botsvana |
20,097 | 2024 | 19,383 | 2023 | 14,800 | 2021 |
 Kolumbiya |
19,770 | 2024 | 21,548 | 2023 | 14,600 | 2021 |
 Turkmaniston |
19,729 | 2024 | 17,100 | 2019 | 15,000 | 2019 |
 Sent Lusiya |
19,718 | 2024 | 25,129 | 2023 | 13,000 | 2021 |
 Gabon |
19,452 | 2024 | 21,947 | 2023 | 13,800 | 2021 |
 Ozarbayjon |
19,328 | 2024 | 23,686 | 2023 | 14,400 | 2021 |
| Saint Martin (French part) |
— | — | 19,300 | 2005 | ||
 Sent Vinsent va Grenadinlar |
19,196 | 2024 | 19,876 | 2023 | 13,700 | 2021 |
 Surinam |
18,928 | 2024 | 21,047 | 2023 | 14,800 | 2021 |
 Fransuz Polineziyasi |
— | — | 18,600 | 2021 | ||
 Ekvator Gvineyasi |
18,378 | 2024 | 18,724 | 2023 | 14,600 | 2021 |
| Moldova Respublikasi |
17,902 | 2024 | 17,384 | 2023 | 14,000 | 2021 |
 Misr |
17,614 | 2024 | 18,817 | 2023 | 11,600 | 2021 |
| Fidji |
17,403 | 2024 | 15,047 | 2023 | 10,400 | 2021 |
| Palau |
17,381 | 2024 | 17,491 | 2023 | 13,800 | 2021 |
 Indoneziya |
16,861 | 2024 | 15,613 | 2023 | 11,900 | 2021 |
 Kosovo |
16,775 | 2024 | 15,029 | 2023 | 11,900 | 2021 |
| Peru Respublikasi |
16,631 | 2024 | 16,717 | 2023 | 12,500 | 2021 |
 Moʻgʻuliston |
16,504 | 2024 | 18,108 | 2023 | 11,700 | 2021 |
 Jazoir |
16,483 | 2024 | 17,027 | 2023 | 11,000 | 2021 |
 Janubiy Afrika |
16,424 | 2024 | 15,847 | 2023 | 13,300 | 2021 |
 Paragvay |
16,291 | 2024 | 17,466 | 2023 | 13,700 | 2021 |
 Butan |
15,978 | 2024 | 15,022 | 2022 | 10,900 | 2021 |
 Kuk orollari |
— | — | 15,600 | 2022 | ||
 Vyetnam |
15,470 | 2024 | 15,194 | 2023 | 10,600 | 2021 |
 Ukraina |
15,464 | 2024 | 18,008 | 2023 | 12,900 | 2021 |
 Dominika |
15,280 | 2024 | 17,599 | 2023 | 10,900 | 2021 |
 Ekvador |
14,485 | 2024 | 15,870 | 2023 | 10,700 | 2021 |
 Shri Lanka |
14,255 | 2022 | 14,455 | 2023 | 13,400 | 2021 |
 Tunis |
13,645 | 2024 | 13,682 | 2023 | 10,400 | 2021 |
 Yamayka |
13,543 | 2024 | 11,475 | 2023 | 9,600 | 2021 |
 Eswatini |
12,637 | 2024 | 11,741 | 2023 | 8,900 | 2021 |
 El Salvador |
12,561 | 2024 | 12,542 | 2023 | 9,100 | 2021 |
 Iordaniya |
12,402 | 2024 | 10,452 | 2023 | 9,200 | 2021 |
 Kuba |
— | — | 12,300 | 2016 | ||
 Angilya |
— | — | 12,200 | 2008 | ||
 Filippin |
12,192 | 2024 | 10,756 | 2023 | 8,100 | 2021 |
 Namibiya |
12,008 | 2024 | 12,757 | 2023 | 9,100 | 2021 |
 Iroq |
11,937 | 2024 | 13,969 | 2023 | 9,000 | 2021 |
 Livan |
11,784 | 2022 | 12,853 | 2022 | 13,000 | 2021 |
 Beliz |
11,320 | 2024 | 14,195 | 2023 | 8,800 | 2021 |
 Amerika Samoasi |
— | — | 11,200 | 2016 | ||
 Niue |
— | — | 11,100 | 2021 | ||
 Gvatemala |
11,006 | 2024 | 14,067 | 2023 | 8,900 | 2021 |
 Marokash |
10,947 | 2024 | 9,743 | 2023 | 8,100 | 2021 |
 Oʻzbekiston |
10,936 | 2024 | 9,725 | 2023 | 7,700 | 2021 |
 Nauru |
10,823 | 2024 | 12,671 | 2023 | 11,900 | 2021 |
 Boliviya |
10,693 | 2024 | 10,727 | 2023 | 8,100 | 2021 |
 Kabo Verde |
10,304 | 2024 | 9,086 | 2023 | 6,100 | 2021 |
 Laos |
10,242 | 2024 | 9,326 | 2023 | 7,800 | 2021 |
 Hindiston |
10,123 | 2024 | 10,176 | 2023 | 6,600 | 2021 |
| Bangladesh Xalq Respublikasi |
9,416 | 2024 | 9,066 | 2023 | 5,900 | 2021 |
 Venesuela |
8,486 | 2024 | 17,402 | 2011 | 7,704 | 2018 |
 Kambodja |
8,287 | 2024 | 5,624 | 2023 | 4,400 | 2021 |
| Nikaragua |
8,137 | 2024 | 8,044 | 2023 | 5,600 | 2021 |
| Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha |
— | — | 7,800 | 2010 | ||
 Jibuti |
7,707 | 2024 | 7,204 | 2023 | 4,900 | 2021 |
 Mavritaniya |
7,680 | 2024 | 6,934 | 2023 | 5,300 | 2021 |
 Honduras |
7,503 | 2024 | 7,211 | 2023 | 5,600 | 2021 |
 Tonga |
7,462 | 2024 | 7,016 | 2022 | 6,100 | 2021 |
 Gana |
7,156 | 2024 | 7,466 | 2023 | 5,400 | 2021 |
| Angola Respublikasi |
7,153 | 2024 | 8,041 | 2023 | 5,900 | 2021 |
 Keniya |
6,976 | 2024 | 6,324 | 2023 | 4,700 | 2021 |
 Pokiston |
6,955 | 2024 | 6,212 | 2023 | 5,200 | 2021 |
 Kot-dʼIvuar |
6,860 | 2024 | 7,791 | 2023 | 5,300 | 2021 |
 Qirgʻiziston |
6,790 | 2024 | 7,103 | 2023 | 4,800 | 2021 |
 Samoa |
6,721 | 2024 | 6,681 | 2023 | 5,500 | 2021 |
 Suriya |
6,375 | 2010 | 2,914 | 2021 | 2,900 | 2015 |
 Nigeriya |
6,340 | 2024 | 6,318 | 2023 | 4,900 | 2021 |
 Marshall orollari |
6,313 | 2024 | 7,491 | 2023 | 6,000 | 2021 |
 Falastin |
6,057 | 2023 | 5,888 | 2023 | 5,600 | 2021 |
 Tuvalu |
6,056 | 2024 | 5,763 | 2023 | 4,900 | 2021 |
 Tokelau |
— | — | 6,004 | 2017 | ||
 Tojikiston |
5,832 | 2024 | 5,082 | 2023 | 3,900 | 2021 |
 Myanmar |
5,203 | 2024 | 5,905 | 2023 | 4,400 | 2021 |
| Nepal Respublikasi |
5,032 | 2024 | 5,182 | 2023 | 3,800 | 2021 |
 Kamerun |
4,842 | 2024 | 5,380 | 2023 | 3,700 | 2021 |
 Kongo |
4,740 | 2024 | 6,933 | 2023 | 3,200 | 2021 |
 Mikroneziya |
4,690 | 2024 | 4,217 | 2023 | 3,300 | 2021 |
| Senegal Respublikasi |
4,661 | 2024 | 4,833 | 2023 | 3,500 | 2021 |
 Benin |
4,558 | 2024 | 4,248 | 2023 | 3,300 | 2021 |
 Zambia |
4,361 | 2024 | 4,126 | 2023 | 3,200 | 2021 |
 San-Tome va Prinsipi |
4,238 | 2024 | 6,064 | 2023 | 4,100 | 2020 |
 [[Efiopiya|]] |
4,019 | 2024 | 3,109 | 2023 | 2,300 | 2021 |
 Uollis va Futuna |
— | — | 3,800 | 2004 | ||
 Sharqiy Timor |
3,767 | 2024 | 5,109 | 2023 | 5,000 | 2021 |
 Tanzania |
3,746 | 2024 | 3,972 | 2023 | 2,600 | 2021 |
| Kiribati |
3,614 | 2024 | 3,522 | 2023 | 1,900 | 2021 |
 Papua Yangi Gvineya |
3,534 | 2024 | 4,607 | 2023 | 3,700 | 2022 |
| Komor orollari |
3,532 | 2024 | 3,855 | 2023 | 3,200 | 2021 |
 Sudan |
3,443 | 2024 | 3,137 | 2023 | 3,700 | 2021 |
 Ruanda |
3,367 | 2024 | 3,361 | 2023 | 2,200 | 2021 |
 Gvineya |
3,366 | 2024 | 4,429 | 2023 | 2,600 | 2021 |
| Uganda Respublikasi |
3,345 | 2024 | 3,098 | 2023 | 2,200 | 2021 |
 Gvineya-Bisau |
3,239 | 2024 | 2,630 | 2023 | 1,800 | 2021 |
 Lesoto |
3,227 | 2024 | 2,794 | 2023 | 2,300 | 2021 |
 Gaiti |
3,108 | 2024 | 3,256 | 2023 | 2,900 | 2021 |
 Gambiya |
2,993 | 2024 | 3,163 | 2023 | 2,100 | 2021 |
 Zimbabve |
2,975 | 2024 | 3,900 | 2023 | 2,100 | 2021 |
| Vanuatu |
2,939 | 2024 | 3,315 | 2023 | 2,800 | 2021 |
 Togo |
2,911 | 2024 | 3,155 | 2023 | 2,100 | 2021 |
 Burkina Faso |
2,781 | 2024 | 2,727 | 2023 | 2,200 | 2021 |
| Mali Respublikasi |
2,714 | 2024 | 2,726 | 2023 | 2,100 | 2021 |
 Solomon orollari |
2,713 | 2024 | 3,035 | 2023 | 2,400 | 2021 |
 Chad |
2,620 | 2024 | 1,969 | 2023 | 1,400 | 2021 |
 Sierra Leone |
2,189 | 2024 | 1,847 | 2023 | 1,600 | 2021 |
 Afgʻoniston |
2,116 | 2022 | 2,093 | 2022 | 1,500 | 2021 |
 Somaliya |
2,062 | 2024 | 1,611 | 2023 | 1,100 | 2021 |
 Yaman |
1,996 | 2024 | 3,437 | 2013 | 2,500 | 2017 |
 [[Madagaskar|]] |
1,979 | 2024 | 1,875 | 2023 | 1,500 | 2021 |
 Liberiya |
1,882 | 2024 | 1,819 | 2023 | 1,400 | 2021 |
 Eritrea |
1,832 | 2019 | 1,629 | 2011 | 1,600 | 2017 |
 Malavi |
1,712 | 2024 | 1,868 | 2023 | 1,500 | 2021 |
 Shimoliy Koreya |
— | — | 1,700 | 2015 | ||
 Niger |
1,675 | 2024 | 1,817 | 2023 | 1,200 | 2021 |
 Mozambik |
1,649 | 2024 | 1,657 | 2023 | 1,200 | 2021 |
 Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi |
1,552 | 2024 | 1,671 | 2023 | 1,100 | 2021 |
 Markaziy Afrika Respublikasi |
1,123 | 2024 | 1,130 | 2023 | 800 | 2021 |
 Burundi |
916 | 2024 | 951 | 2023 | 700 | 2021 |
 Janubiy Sudan |
455 | 2024 | 1,146 | 2015 | 1,600 | |
Yevro hudud milliy hisob-kitoblarida yashirin iqtisodiy faoliyat qamrovini kengaytirish
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Koʻplab Yevropa mamlakatlarida yashirin iqtisodiyotning ulushi sezilarli darajada, yalpi ichki mahsulotning (YaIM) 10 foizidan 40 foizgacha oʻzgaradi[9]. 2014-yildan boshlab, rasmiy statistika organi Eurostat Yevropa Ittifoqi aʼzolarini ayrim noqonuniy faoliyatlarni YaIM ning ulushiga kiritishni tavsiya qilib keladi[10][11][12].
Soliq boshpanalari uchun buzilgan YaIM
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Turli joylarda kishi boshiga YaIM farq qilishiga koʻplab tabiiy iqtisodiy sabablar mavjud (masalan, neft va gazga boy joylar). Biroq, soliq boshpanalari yoki korporativ soliq boshpanalari, iqtisodiy maʼlumotlarni soxtalashtirishi va sunʼiy ravishda yuqori yoki oshirilgan kishi boshiga YaIM koʻrsatkichlaridan foydalanishi tobora koʻproq tan olinmoqda[13]. Global yurizdiksiyalarning deyarli 15 foizidan ortigʻi soliq boshpanalari ekanligi taxmin qilinadi[14]. Xalqaro valyuta jamgʻarmasi (IMF) tadqiqoti, global toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri investitsiya oqimlarining 40 foizga yaqini, turli yurizdiksiyalarning YaIMiga katta taʼsir koʻrsatadigan „soxta“ tranzaksiyalar sifatida tavsiflanadi, deb taxmin qiladi[15].
3152 trillion—dunyodagi barcha xorijiy to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri investitsiya pozitsiyalarining deyarli 40 foizi—butunlay sun'iydir: bu haqiqiy faoliyatga ega bo‘lmagan bo‘sh korporativ qobiqlar orqali o‘tayotgan moliyaviy investitsiyalarni tashkil etadi. Bu investitsiyalar deyarli har doim mashhur soliq boshpanalari orqali o‘tadi. Sakkizta asosiy o'tish iqtisodiyoti—Niderlandiya, Lyuksemburg, Gonkong SAR, Britaniya Virgin orollari, Bermuda, Kayman orollari, Irlandiya va Singapur—dunyo bo‘yicha maxsus maqsadli subyektlarga investitsiyalarning 85 foizidan ortig‘ini qabul qiladi, ular ko‘pincha soliq sababli tashkil etiladi.
— "Piercing the Veil", Xalqaro valyuta jamgʻarmasi, Iyun 2018[15]
2017-yilda, Irlandiyaning iqtisodiy maʼlumotlari AQSh ning transmilliy korporatsiyalarining soliqdan qochish strategiyalari, shuningdek BEPS harakatlari bilan shu qadar buzildiki, Irlandiya YaIM (va YMM) statistikasi iqtisodiyotning ishonchli oʻlchovi sifatida amalda tark etildi va oʻrniga modifikatsiyalangan yalpi milliy daromad deb nomlangan yangi statistika yaratildi. Irlandiya dunyodagi eng katta korporativ soliq boshpanalaridan biridir.
Irlandiya, asosan, YaIMni o‘z iqtisodiyotini o‘lchashda ishlatishni to‘xtatdi. Va hozirgi tendensiyalar bo‘yicha Yevro hudud to‘liq ravishda shunga o‘xshash narsani ko‘rib chiqishi mumkin.
— Brad Setser, Council on Foreign Relations, "Ireland exports its Leprechaun", 25 Aprel 2018[16]
Katta transmilliy korporatsiyalarning global aktivlari va faoliyatining Irlandiya milliy hisob-kitoblariga ta'siri natijasida yuzaga kelgan statistik buzilishlar endi shu qadar kattalashdiki, Irlandiyaning YaIMning odatdagi ishlatilishini mazax qiladi.
2016-2017- yillarda kishi boshiga YaIM koʻrsatkichlari boʻyicha eng yuqori 15 davlatning roʻyxatida koʻpgina yirik global soliq boshpanalari mavjud:
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Manbalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- ↑ „Sarkozy attacks focus on economic growth (French president urges more emphasis on quality of life)“, The Guardian, 14 September 2009.
- ↑ „Alternative progress indicators to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a means towards sustainable development“[sayt ishlamaydi]
- ↑ „World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024“. IMF.org. International Monetary Fund (2024-yil 16-aprel). Qaraldi: 2024-yil 18-aprel.
- ↑ „WEO Database, April 2024. Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: World, E.U.“. IMF.org. International Monetary Fund (2024-yil 16-aprel). Qaraldi: 2024-yil 18-aprel.
- ↑ „GDP per capita, PPP (current international $)“. data.worldbank.org. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 3-iyul.
- ↑ „Country Comparisons - Real GDP per capita“. CIA.gov. The World Factbook. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 1-aprel.
- ↑ „The World Factbook - European Union“. CIA.gov. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 1-aprel.
- ↑ „The World Factbook - World“. CIA.gov. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 1-aprel.
- ↑ „Explaining the Shadow Economy in Europe: Size, Causes and Policy Options“. International Monetary Fund (2019-yil noyabr).
- ↑ „Sizing Up Black Markets and Red-Light Districts for G.D.P.“. The New York Times (2014-yil 9-iyul).
- ↑ „GDP to include illegal activity“. Financier Worldwide Magazine (2014-yil avgust).
- ↑ „Handbook on the compilation of statistics on illegal economic activities in national accounts and balance of payments“. Eurostat (2018-yil 6-mart).
- ↑ „How tax havens turn economic statistics into nonsense“. Quartz (2018-yil 11-iyun).
- ↑ Dharmapala, Dhammika; Hines, James R. Jr. (2009). "Which Countries Become Tax Havens?". Journal of Public Economics 93 (9–10): 1058–1068. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.07.005. http://www.nber.org/papers/w12802.pdf. The paper implicitly adopts the „smaller“ tax haven approach, i.e., disregarding larger countries that have either low taxes rates (for example, Russia), or systems of taxation which permit them to be used to structure tax avoidance schemes (for example, the United Kingdom). It also excludes non-sovereign tax havens (for example, Delaware or Labuan).
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 „Piercing the Veil, Finance & Development, June 2018, Vol. 55, No. 2“. IMF Finance & Development (2018-yil iyun).
- ↑ „Ireland Exports its Leprechaun“. Council on Foreign Relations (2018-yil 11-may).
- ↑ „The Irish National Accounts: Towards some do's and don'ts“. irisheconomy.ie (2016-yil 13-iyul).
- ↑ „PPP (current international $)“. data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 7-iyul.
- ↑ „World Bank, International Comparison Program database.“. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 10-aprel.