Maslama ibn Abdulmalik

Maslama ibn Abdulmalik
Jazira, Armaniston va Eron Ozarbayjoni hokimi
Mansab davri 709 – 721
Hukmdor	Al-Volid I (h. 705–715) Sulaymon (h.  715 – 717) Umar II (h. 717–720) Yazid II (h. 720–724)
Oʻtmishdoshi	Muhammad ibn Marvon
Vorisi	Al-Jarroh ibn Abdulloh al-Hakamiy
Jazira, Armaniston va Eron Ozarbayjoni hokimi
Mansab davri 725 – 729
Hukmdor	Yazid II (h. 720–724) Hishom (h. 724–743)
Oʻtmishdoshi	Al-Jarroh ibn Abdulloh al-Hakamiy
Vorisi	Al-Jarroh ibn Abdulloh al-Hakamiy
Jazira, Armaniston va Eron Ozarbayjoni hokimi
Mansab davri 730 – 732
Hukmdor	Hishom
Oʻtmishdoshi	Al-Jarroh ibn Abdulloh al-Hakamiy
Vorisi	Marvon ibn Muhammad
Iroq hokimi
Mansab davri 720 – 721
Hukmdor	Yazid II
Oʻtmishdoshi	hech kim
Vorisi	Umar ibn Hubayra
Shaxsiy maʼlumotlari
Vafoti	738-yil 24-dekabr Bilod ash-Shom, Umaviylar xalifaligi
Turmush oʻrtogʻi	Ar-Rabob binti Zufar ibn al-Horis al-Kilobiy
Onasi	ismi nomaʼlum ummu al-valad
Otasi	Abdulmalik
Qarindoshlari	Muhammad (amakisi) Al-Volid ibn Abdulmalik (akasi) Sulaymon (akasi) Yazid II (akasi) Hishom (akasi) Al-Abbos ibn al-Volid (jiyani) Umar II (amakivachchasi) Marvon ibn Muhammad (amakivachchasi)
Istiqomat joy(lar)i	Balis Hisn Maslama

Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik (arabcha: مسلمة بن عبد الملك; yunon manbalarida Μασαλμᾶς nomi bilan keltirilgan) – Umaviylar shahzodasi, VIII asr boshlarida Vizantiya imperiyasi va Xazar xoqonligiga qarshi bir nechta yurishlarni boshqargan eng koʻzga koʻringan arab generallaridan biri. Ayniqsa, Vizantiya poytaxti Konstantinopolning ikkinchi marotaba arablar tomonidan qamal qilish harakatlariga rahbarlik qilgani uchun katta shuhrat qozongan.

Maslama ibn Abdulmalik harbiy faoliyatini Onadoʻlida Vizantiyaga qarshi yozgi yurishlarni boshqarishdan boshlagan. 709-yilga kelib, Qinnasrin (Shimoliy Suriya), Jazira (Yuqori Mesopotamiya), Armaniston va Eron Ozarbayjoni viloyatlarida hokim sifatida xizmat qilgan va uning zimmasiga xalifalikning shimoliy chegaralarini nazorat qilish topshirish. Ushbu lavozimda Maslama Kavkaz boʻylab xazarlarga qarshi birinchi arab yurishlarini boshlab bergan. Ukasi xalifa Sulaymon uni 715-yilda Konstantinopolni egallash uchun qilingan yurishlarga rahbar etib tayinlagan, ammo bu yurish arablar uchun falokatli yakun topgan. 718-yilga kelib, Sulaymonning vorisi Umar II qoʻshinga ortga chekinishga buyruq bergan.

Yazid II (h. 720–724) hokimiyat tepasiga kelganida Yazid ibn al-Muhallab tomonidan uyushtirilgan qoʻzgʻolonni bostirish uchun Maslamani Iroqqa yuborgan. Ushbu qoʻzgʻolon muvaffaqiyatli bostirilganiga qaramay, xalifa Yazid II Maslamaning Iroq hokimi sifatida kuchayib borayotganidan xavotir olgan va shu tufayli uni yoniga chaqirib olgan. Onasi ummu al-valad boʻlganligi bois Maslama merosxoʻrlikdan chetlashtirilgan, biroq u ukasi Hishomning (h. 724–743) xalifalik taxtiga oʻtirishini taʼminlagan. Hishom hukmronligi davrida Vizantiya va xazarlarga qarshi yurishlarini davom ettirgan. 732-yilda uning oʻrnini amakivachchasi, boʻlajak xalifa Marvon II (h. 744–750) egallagan.

Aka-ukalari tomonidan Maslamaga Balis, Balix vodiysi va janubiy Iroqning botqoqliklarida qishloq xoʻjaligi yerlarini qayta tiklash va rivojlantirishi uchun katta mulk va mablagʻ ajratilgan. Mulklari keyinchalik uning avlodlariga meros boʻlib oʻtgan, biroq Abbosiylar sulolasi 750-yilda Umaviylar xalifaligini agʻdarganidan keyin musodara qilingan. Shunga qaramay, Maslamaning janglarda koʻrsatgan qahramonliklariga boʻlgan hurmat tufayli uning avlodlari Abbosiylar tomonidan Umaviylar oilasiga qarshi amalga oshirilgan keng qamrovli taʼqiblardan omon qolgan.

Oilasi

Maslama Umaviylar xalifasi Abdulmalik ibn Marvonning (h. 685–705) oʻgʻli, xalifalar al-Volid (h. 705–715), Sulaymon (h. 715–717), Yazid II (h. 720–724) va Hishomning (h. 724–743) oʻgay ukasi boʻlgan. Onasi ummu al-valad boʻlgani bois merosxoʻrlikdan chetlashtirilgan. Taxminan 691-yilda xalifa Abdulmalik Zufar ibn al-Horisning Umaviylarga qarshi qoʻzgʻoloniga barham berish maqsadida Maslamani Qaysiy qabilasi boshligʻi Zufarning qizi al-Rabobga uylantirgan.

Merosi

Tarixchi Patricia Cronening soʻzlariga koʻra, Maslama ibn Abdulmalik Umaviylarning eng mashhur generallari qatorida boʻlgan. Yana bir tarixchi Douglas M. Dunlop uning VIII asr boshlarida Konstantinopolga qilingan yirik hujumga qoʻmondonlik qilgani, yigirma yildan ortiq vaqt davomida Umaviylar hokimiyatining asosiy tayanchlaridan biri boʻlganini taʼkidlagan. Islom dunyosida Maslama yuksak shon-shuhratga ega shaxs hisoblanadi.

Avlodlari

Maslama ibn Abdulmalikning shajarasi
Marvon I (h. 684–685) Abdulmalik (h. 685–705) Abdulaziz Muhammad Al-Volid I (h. 705–715) Sulaymon (h. 715–717) Maslama Said Yazid II (h. 720–724) Hishom (h. 724–743) Umar II (h. 717–720) Marvon II (h. 744–750) Al-Abbos Muhammad Yazid Said Sharohil Al-Volid II (h. 743–744) Maslama Muhammad al-Hisniy Muhammad Ali Yaʼqub Ibn al-Azroq Maslama

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Qoʻshimcha adabiyotlar

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