Ahmad III

Ahmad III
	آحمد ثالث, Âhmed-i sâlis
Tavalludi	30-dekabr 1673-yil; Istanbul, Usmonlilar imperiyasi
Vafoti	1-iyun 1736-yil ; (62 yoshda); Istanbul, Usmonlilar imperiyasi
Fuqaroligi	Usmonli imperiyasi
Bolalari	Mustafo III; Abdulhamid I
Otasi	Mehmed IV
Onasi	Gulnush Sulton
Imzosi

Ahmad III (usmonli turkcha: احمد ثالث, Ahmad-i s ali s; 1673-yil 30-dekabr – 1736-yil 1-iyul) Usmonlilar imperiyasining sultoni va Mehmed IV (hukmronligi 1648–1687)ning oʻgʻli. Uning onasi asli Evmaniya Voria ismli, etnik yunon Gulnush Sulton edi^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]. Dobruja shahridagi Hajioglu Pazarcıkda tugʻilgan. 1703-yilda ukasi Mustafo II (1695—1703) taxtdan voz kechishi bilan taxtga oʻtirdi^[5]. Nevshehirli Damat Ibrohim Posho va Sultonning qizi Fatma Sulton 1718-yildan 1730-yilgacha hukumatni boshqargan, bu davr Lola davri deb ataladi.

U Edirne saroyida oʻsgan. Uning maktab oʻqishi saroyning Istanbulga vaqti-vaqti bilan tashrif buyurishi paytida, 1679 yil 9 avgustda Istavroz saroyida boʻlib oʻtgan bad-i basmala deb nomlangan saroy marosimidan keyin boshlangan. U Edirnadagi imperator haramida anʼanaviy taʼlimga ega boʻlib, shaxsiy oʻqituvchilar nazorati ostida Qurʼon, hadislar, islom ilmlari, tarixi, sheʼriyat va musiqa asoslarini oʻrgangan^[6]. Uning tarbiyachilaridan biri bosh muftiy Feyzulloh afandi edi^[7].

Ahmad III hukmronligining dastlabki kunlarida yanichalarni tinchlantirish uchun katta harakatlar qilindi. Ammo Ahmadning uni sultonlikka koʻtargan yanichalar bilan muomala qilishdagi samaradorligi cheklangan edi. Ahmad tayinlagan vazir Chorlulu Ali Posho maʼmuriy ishlarda qimmatli yordam berdi va xazina uchun yangi chora-tadbirlarni amalga oshirdi. U raqib guruhlarga qarshi kurashda Ahmadni qoʻllab-quvvatladi va hukumat barqarorligini taʼminladi. Ahmad jonkuyar kitobxon, xattotlikda mohir, tarix va sheʼriyatdan xabardor edi^[8].

Manbalar

↑ Freely, John. The lost Messiah. Viking, 2001 — 132-bet. ISBN 0-670-88675-0. „He set up his harem there, his favourite being Rabia Giilniis Ummetiillah, a Greek girl from Rethymnon on Crete“
↑ Bromley, J. S.. The New Cambridge Modern History. University of California: University Press, 1957 — 554-bet. ISBN 0-521-22128-5. „the mother of Mustafa II and Ahmed III was a Greek“
↑ Sardo, Eugenio Lo. Tra greci e turchi: fonti diplomatiche italiane sul Settecento ottomano. Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, 1999 — 82-bet. ISBN 88-8080-014-0. „Their mother, a Greek, lady named Rabia Gülnûş, continued to wield influence as the Valide sultan - mother of the reigning sultan“
↑ Library Information and Research Service. The Middle East. Library Information and Research Service, 2005 — 91-bet. „She was the daughter of a Greek family and she was the mother of Mustafa II (1664–1703), and Ahmed III (1673–1736).“
↑ Andoza:EB1911
↑ Keskiner 2012.
↑ Hathaway, Jane. The Chief Eunuch of the Ottoman Harem: From African Slave to Power-Broker. Cambridge University Press, August 30, 2018 — 133-bet. ISBN 978-1-107-10829-5.
↑ Baker, Anthony E. The Bosphorus. Redhouse Press, 1993 — 146-bet. ISBN 975-413-062-0. „The Valide Sultan was born Evmania Voria, daughter of a Greek priest in a village near Rethymnon on Crete. She was captured by the Turks when they took Rethymnon in 1645.“

[1] Freely, John. The lost Messiah. Viking, 2001 — 132-bet. ISBN 0-670-88675-0. „He set up his harem there, his favourite being Rabia Giilniis Ummetiillah, a Greek girl from Rethymnon on Crete“

[2] Bromley, J. S.. The New Cambridge Modern History. University of California: University Press, 1957 — 554-bet. ISBN 0-521-22128-5. „the mother of Mustafa II and Ahmed III was a Greek“

[3] Sardo, Eugenio Lo. Tra greci e turchi: fonti diplomatiche italiane sul Settecento ottomano. Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, 1999 — 82-bet. ISBN 88-8080-014-0. „Their mother, a Greek, lady named Rabia Gülnûş, continued to wield influence as the Valide sultan - mother of the reigning sultan“

[4] Library Information and Research Service. The Middle East. Library Information and Research Service, 2005 — 91-bet. „She was the daughter of a Greek family and she was the mother of Mustafa II (1664–1703), and Ahmed III (1673–1736).“

[EB1911-5] Andoza:EB1911

[FOOTNOTEKeskiner2012-6] Keskiner 2012.

[7] Hathaway, Jane. The Chief Eunuch of the Ottoman Harem: From African Slave to Power-Broker. Cambridge University Press, August 30, 2018 — 133-bet. ISBN 978-1-107-10829-5.

[8] Baker, Anthony E. The Bosphorus. Redhouse Press, 1993 — 146-bet. ISBN 975-413-062-0. „The Valide Sultan was born Evmania Voria, daughter of a Greek priest in a village near Rethymnon on Crete. She was captured by the Turks when they took Rethymnon in 1645.“

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k m t Usmoniylar imperiyasi sultonlari / xalifalari
Sulola Sulola daraxti
Usmon I Oʻrxon I Murod I Boyazid I Yildirim Usmoniylarda taxt g'avg'osi Mehmed I Murod II Mehmed II Murod II Mehmed II Boyazid II Salim I Yovuz^§ Sulaymon I Salim II Murod III Mehmed III Ahmad I Mustafo I Usmon II Mustafo I Murod IV Ibrohim I Mehmed IV Sulaymon II Ahmad II Mustafo II Ahmad III Mahmud I Usmon III Mustafo III Abdulhamid I Salim III Mustafo IV Mahmud II Abdulmajid I Abdulaziz Murod V Abdulhamid II Mehmed V Mehmed VI Abdulmajid II
^§ Birinchi usmoniy xalifalari

k m t Taxt uchun kurashgan Usmoniy shahzodalar
Murod Iga qarshi (1373)	Savcı Bey
Usmoniylar boʻlingan davr (1402-1413)	Mehmet Çelebi Süleyman Çelebi İsa Çelebi Musa Çelebi
Mehmed Iga qarshi (1419)	Mustafa Çelebi
Murod IIga qarshi (1421-1423)	Mustafa Çelebi Küçük Mustafa
Boyazid IIga qarshi (1481-1482)	Sultan Cem
Boyazid IIga qarshi (1511-1512)	Selim I Yovuz Ahmet
Salim I Yovuzga qarshi (1512-1513)	Ahmet Korkut
Sulaymon Iga qarshi (1553-1561)	Mustafa Bayezid
Ahmad Iga qarshi (1603-1617)	Sultan Yahya