Makkiy ibn Abu Tolib al-Qaysiy

Abu Muhammad Makkiy ibn Abu Tolib al-Qaysiy al-Qayrovoniy al-Andalusiy al-Qurtubiy molikiy huquqshunos boʻlib, Anjelika Noyvirtning fikriga koʻra, „Musulmon Gʻarbidagi Qur’on oʻqish ilmi va ayniqsa qiroat nazariyasi va sanʼati boʻyicha eng qadimgi va taniqli olimlardan biri“^[1].

Hayoti

Makkiy hozirgi Tunisning Qayravon shahrida hijriy 354-yilning 23-shaʼbonida (965-yil 25-avgustda) tugʻilgan. Baʼzi manbalarga koʻra, uning otasi Abu Tolibning nasl-nasabi Muxtorning oʻgʻli Hammush ibn Muhammad boʻlgan, ammo Anjelika Noyvirt bu naslni noaniq deb biladi. Makkiy Qohirada tahsil olish uchun sharqqa borib, filologiya, qiroa (Qur’on oʻqish) va tajvidga (qiroat) eʼtibor qaratgani maʼlum; u yerdagi oʻqishlari uni yetakchi olimlar, jumladan Abu Bakr al-Udfuviy (304-88 hijriy/916-98), ota va oʻgʻil Abu l-Toyib Abdulmunim ibn Gʻalbun al-Halabiy (hijriy 399 va milodiy 999-yilda vafot etgan) bilan aloqaga kirishdi (Ibn Gʻalbun (vafoti hijriy 399, milodiy 1008-yil)). Hijriy 368–74 (milodiy 978–84) yillarda Qohirada tahsil olgan; al-Qayravonga uch yilda qaytib keldi (bu davrda u al-Qobisiy (vafoti 403/1011) va Ibn Abu Zayd (vafoti 386/996) ulamolaridan tahsil oldi); hijriy 377–79 va 382–83 (milodiy 987–89 va 992–93) yillarni Qohirada oʻtkazgan va hijriy 387–90 (milodiy 998–1001) yillarda Makkada boʻlgan. U yerda oʻqish va haj qilish bilan birga yozishni boshlagan. U uyiga Quddus va Qohira orqali borgan^[2].

Qayravonda ikki yil oʻtgach, Makkiy Andalusga joʻnab ketdi va u yerda umrining ikkinchi yarmini oʻtkazdi, u yerda asarining koʻp qismini yaratdi. U hijriy 393-yilda (milodiy 1003) yili yetib keldi va Kordovaning Attarin tumanidagi Masjid an-Nuxayloda Qur’on oʻqishdan dars bera boshladi. Angelika Neuwirthning taʼkidlashicha, „Qur’on oʻqish ilmidagi yangi yoʻnalishning tez orada Halab va Qohira orqali Ispaniyaga yoyilishi asosan uning xizmati tufayli boʻldi. Bu yoʻnalish Bagʻdodlik Imom al-qurro Ibn Mujohid (vafoti 324/936) nomi bilan bogʻliq edi.“ Makkiy Kordovada vafot etgunga qadar (hijriy 437-yil 2-muharram / milodiy 1045-yil 21-iyul) bu shaharda turli diniy va taʼlim berish lavozimlarini egallab kelgan^[3]^[3].

Amalga oshirgan ishlari

Al-Makkiy saksondan ortiq asar yozgan, jumladan Tohir ibn Gʻalbun taʼlimoti taʼsirida boʻlgan. U "Kitob at-tazkira fil-qirot", „Kitob at-Tabsira“, „Kitob al-Kashf“ , „Kitob Mushkil gʻarib al-Qur’on“, "Kitob Mushkil eʼrobul Qurʼon „ va “Kitob al-Kashfʼan vujuh al-qiroʼat as-sab" kabi asarlar muallifi. U Qur’onga keng qamrovli tafsirlar yozgan; lekin uning tafsirlari bugungi kungacha yoʻqolib ketgan. Uning „Al-Izoh li-nosix va mansux al-Qur’on“("Nasx va mansux qilingan oyatlarning maxsus izohi") risolasi maʼlum^[4].

Manbalar

↑ Angelika Neuwirth, 'Makkī', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, ed. by Paul Bearman and others, 2nd edn, 12 vols (Leiden: Brill, 1960–2005), Template loop detected: Andoza:Doi
This citation will be automatically completed in the next few minutes. You can jump the queue or expand by handMakkiy ibn Abu Tolib al-Qaysiy]], ISBN 9789004161214.
↑ Angelika Neuwirth, 'Makkī', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, ed. by Paul Bearman and others, 2nd edn, 12 vols (Leiden: Brill, 1960–2005), Template loop detected: Andoza:Doi
This citation will be automatically completed in the next few minutes. You can jump the queue or expand by handMakkiy ibn Abu Tolib al-Qaysiy]], ISBN 9789004161214.
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 Angelika Neuwirth, 'Makkī', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, ed. by Paul Bearman and others, 2nd edn, 12 vols (Leiden: Brill, 1960–2005), Template loop detected: Andoza:Doi
This citation will be automatically completed in the next few minutes. You can jump the queue or expand by handMakkiy ibn Abu Tolib al-Qaysiy]], ISBN 9789004161214.
↑ Angelika Neuwirth, 'Makkī', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, ed. by Paul Bearman and others, 2nd edn, 12 vols (Leiden: Brill, 1960–2005), Template loop detected: Andoza:Doi
This citation will be automatically completed in the next few minutes. You can jump the queue or expand by handMakkiy ibn Abu Tolib al-Qaysiy]], ISBN 9789004161214.

[:11-1] Angelika Neuwirth, 'Makkī', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, ed. by Paul Bearman and others, 2nd edn, 12 vols (Leiden: Brill, 1960–2005), Template loop detected: Andoza:Doi
This citation will be automatically completed in the next few minutes. You can jump the queue or expand by handMakkiy ibn Abu Tolib al-Qaysiy]], ISBN 9789004161214.

[:112-2] Angelika Neuwirth, 'Makkī', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, ed. by Paul Bearman and others, 2nd edn, 12 vols (Leiden: Brill, 1960–2005), Template loop detected: Andoza:Doi
This citation will be automatically completed in the next few minutes. You can jump the queue or expand by handMakkiy ibn Abu Tolib al-Qaysiy]], ISBN 9789004161214.

[:113-3] 3,0 ^3,1 Angelika Neuwirth, 'Makkī', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, ed. by Paul Bearman and others, 2nd edn, 12 vols (Leiden: Brill, 1960–2005), Template loop detected: Andoza:Doi
This citation will be automatically completed in the next few minutes. You can jump the queue or expand by handMakkiy ibn Abu Tolib al-Qaysiy]], ISBN 9789004161214.

[:114-4] Angelika Neuwirth, 'Makkī', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, ed. by Paul Bearman and others, 2nd edn, 12 vols (Leiden: Brill, 1960–2005), Template loop detected: Andoza:Doi
This citation will be automatically completed in the next few minutes. You can jump the queue or expand by handMakkiy ibn Abu Tolib al-Qaysiy]], ISBN 9789004161214.

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