Dilbat

Dilbat
	Shown within Iraq
Manzilgoh	Iroq
Koordinatalar	32°17′44″N 44°27′58″E / 32.29556°N 44.46611°E
Turi	aholi manzilgohi
Makon qaydlari
Qazish sanalari	1890-yillar, 1989
Arxeologlar	Hormuzd Rassam, J. A. Armstrong
Vaziyat	Buzilgan
Egalik	Jamoaviy
Ommaviy kirish	Yes

Dilbat (zamonaviy Tell ed-Duleym yoki Tell al-Deylam, Iroq) — Bobildan janubi-sharqda, Gʻarbiy Furot daryosining sharqiy qirgʻogʻida, hozirgi Iroqning Al-Qadisiya shahrida joylashgan qadimgi shumer minorasi (tepalik shahri). U qadimiy Borsippa shahridan 15 km janubda joylashgan. Yer maʼbudasi Urashdan ajralib chiqqan kichik mahalliy xudo Urashga bagʻishlangan E-ibe-Anu zikkurati shahar markazida joylashgan boʻlib, bu joy Gilgamish dostonida tilga olingan^[1].

Tarixi

Dilbat ilk Shumer sulolasi II davrida, miloddan avvalgi 2700-yillarda tashkil etilgan. Hudud kamida Akkad, Qadimgi Bobil, Kassit, Sosoniylar va Ilk Islom davrlarida ishgʻol qilingani maʼlum. Mazkur hudud bir boshoqli bugʻdoy yetishtiruvchi va qamish mahsulotlari ishlab chiqaradigan ilk qishloq xoʻjaligi markazi edi^[2]. U Arah6tum kanali boʻyida joylashgan.

Arxeologiyasi

Tell al-Deylam oʻrni ikki tepalikdan iborat boʻlib, miloddan avvalgi 1-ming yillik va ilk islom davri qoldiqlari boʻlgan kichik gʻarbiy tepalik va aylanasi taxminan 500 metr boʻlgan, miloddan avvalgi 1-3-ming yillikka oid qoldiqlar boʻlgan kattaroq sharqiy tepalikdan iborat. Dilbatda Hormuzd Rassam tomonidan kichik qazishma amalga oshirilib, asosan Yangi Bobil davriga oid mixxat yozuvli lavhalar topilgan^[3]. Hududda 1989-yilda Chikago Sharq instituti xodimi J. A. Armstrong faoliyat yuritgan^[4]^[5]^[6]. Dilbatning oʻzida arxeologlar ozgina qazishma oʻtkazgan boʻlsa-da, u yerdagi koʻplab boyliklar ruxsatsiz qazish natijasida yillar davomida qadimiy buyumlar bozorida sotilib kelgan.

Bobil universitetining arxeologiya kafedrasi qazishmalarni qayta boshladi. Ishlar 2017-yilda boshlanib, kamida 2020-yil oxiriga qadar davom etgan. Kassitlar davriga oid shahar xudosining ibodatxonasi topilgan. Yozuvlar shohlardan biri Kurigalzuga tegishli boʻlib chiqqan^[7]^[8].

Himoyachi xudo

Asosiy maqola: Urash (xudo)

Dilbatda, boshqa Mesopotamiya aholi manzilgohlari singari, Anu bilan bogʻliq boʻlgan mashhur maʼbuda Urashdan ajralib chiqqan erkak xudo Urash kabi oʻziga xos vasiy xudo bor edi^[9]. U Ninurta kabi dehqonlar va jangchilar xudosi sifatida qabul qilingan^[10].

Urash Inanna bilan bogʻliq sevgi maʼbudasi Nanayaning otasi^[11], shuningdek, Mesopotamiyaga qaraganda koʻproq Suza shahrida Inshushinakning moreso xizmatchisi sifatida sigʻiniladigan kichik yer osti xudosi Lagamalning ham otasi hisoblangan^[12]^[13]. Urash, shuningdek, Ninegalning („saroy xonimi“) eri boʻlib, ular qoʻshma maʼbadga egalik qilgan^[14]. Ushbu maʼbadda [Aššur-etil-ilāni]]ni buyrugʻi bilan amalga oshirilgan taʼmirlash haqidagi maʼlumotlar Ossuriya manbalari bilan tasdiqlangan^[15].

Yana qarang

Manbalar

↑ [1] Stephen Langdon, The Epic of Gilgamish. A Fragment of the Gilgamish Legend in Old-Babylonian Cuneiform, 1919
↑ A. Goddeeris, Economy and Society in Northern Babylonia, Peeters , 2002, ISBN 90-429-1123-9
↑ Hormuzd Rassam and Robert William Rogers, Asshur and the land of Nimrod, Curts & Jennings, 1897
↑ [2]Armstrong, J.A., "Surface Survey at Tell al-Deylam", Sumer 47, pp. 28-29, 1995
↑ J. A. Armstrong, Dilbat revisited: the Tell al-Deylam project, Mar Sipri, vol. 3, no. 1, pp, 1-4, 1990
↑ James A. Armstrong, West of Edin: Tell al-Deylam and the Babylonian City of Dilbat, The Biblical Archaeologist, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 219-226, 1992
↑ Haider Oraibi Almamori and Alexa Bartelmus, "New Light on Dilbat: Kassite Building Activities on the Uraš Temple “E-Ibbi-Anum” at Tell al-Deylam", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 111, iss. 2, 2021
↑ Omran, M., H. A. Oraibi [Almamori]/K. J. Salman (2019): natā’iǧ tanqībāt Tall ad-Daylam (Dilbāt). al-mausim al-avval 2017 [= Results of the excavations at Tell at-Deylam (Dilbat). First season 2017], Sumer 65, 3–34 (Arabic section)
↑ M. Krebernik, Uraš A [in:] Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie vol. 14, 2014, p. 404; note that in the electronic edition authors of the entry on the two deities named Uraš and geographical location in Asia Minor are accidentally swapped
↑ Ch. Lilyquist, The Dilbat Hoard, Metropolitan Museum Journal 29, 1994, p. 6; note there's a typo in the article, "Ningal" is mentioned instead of "Ninegal"
↑ O. Drewnowska-Rymarz, Mesopotamian Goddess Nanajā, 2008, p. 139
↑ K. van der Torn, Migration and the Spread of Local Cults [in:] A. Schoors, K. Van Lerberghe (eds.), Immigration and Emigration Within the Ancient Near East: Festschrift E. Lipinski, 1995, p. 368
↑ W. G. Lambert, Lāgamāl [in] Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie vol 6, 1983, p. 418-419
↑ G. De Clercq, Die Göttin Ninegal/Bēlet-ekallim nach den altorientalischen Quellen des 3. und 2. Jt. v. Chr. mit einer Zusammenfassung der hethitischen Belegstellen sowie der des 1.Jt. v. Chr. (dissertation), 2004, p. 17, footnote 80: "Ninegal und Uraš, der Stadtgott von Dilbat, formen hier ein Paar. Siehe Unger, RlA 2 ("Dilbat") 222 über den Tempel der Ninegal in Dilbat und ihre Verehrung als Gemahlin des Uraš. Über die doppelte Gestalt der Gottheit Uraš schreibt auch Kienast, in: Fs van Dijk (1985) 112f.: Er ist als männlicher Gott bekannt, als Stadtgott von Dilbat und allgemein in Nordbabylonien; andererseits kann die Gottheit weiblich sein ("die Erde") und mit An verbunden werden."
↑ S. W. Holloway, Aššur is King! Aššur is King!: Religion in the Exercise of Power in the Neo-Assyrian Empire, 2002, p. 254

Qoʻshimcha oʻqish uchun

[3] Christine Lilyquist, The Dilbat Hoard, Metropolitan Museum Journal, vol. 29, pp. 5–36, 1994
S. G. Koshurnikov and N. Yoffee, Old Babylonian Tablets from Dilbat in the Ashmolean Museum, Iraq, vol. 48, pp. 117–130, 1986
Matthew W. Stolper, Late Achaemenid Texts from Dilbat, Iraq, vol. 54, pp. 119–139, 1992
Joseph Etienne Gautier, Archives d'une famille de Dilbat au temps de la premiere dynastie de Babylone, Le Caire, 1908
SG Koshurnikov,A Family Archive from Old Babylonian Dilbat, Vestnik Drevnii Istorii, vol. 168, pp. 123ff, 1984

Havolalar

Sumer Map with Dilbat labeled as T. ed Duleim

Iroq geografiyasiga oid ushbu maqola chaladir. Siz uni boyitib, Vikipediyaga yordam berishingiz mumkin.

[1] [1] Stephen Langdon, The Epic of Gilgamish. A Fragment of the Gilgamish Legend in Old-Babylonian Cuneiform, 1919

[2] A. Goddeeris, Economy and Society in Northern Babylonia, Peeters , 2002, ISBN 90-429-1123-9

[3] Hormuzd Rassam and Robert William Rogers, Asshur and the land of Nimrod, Curts & Jennings, 1897

[4] [2]Armstrong, J.A., "Surface Survey at Tell al-Deylam", Sumer 47, pp. 28-29, 1995

[5] J. A. Armstrong, Dilbat revisited: the Tell al-Deylam project, Mar Sipri, vol. 3, no. 1, pp, 1-4, 1990

[6] James A. Armstrong, West of Edin: Tell al-Deylam and the Babylonian City of Dilbat, The Biblical Archaeologist, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 219-226, 1992

[7] Haider Oraibi Almamori and Alexa Bartelmus, "New Light on Dilbat: Kassite Building Activities on the Uraš Temple “E-Ibbi-Anum” at Tell al-Deylam", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 111, iss. 2, 2021

[8] Omran, M., H. A. Oraibi [Almamori]/K. J. Salman (2019): natā’iǧ tanqībāt Tall ad-Daylam (Dilbāt). al-mausim al-avval 2017 [= Results of the excavations at Tell at-Deylam (Dilbat). First season 2017], Sumer 65, 3–34 (Arabic section)

[9] M. Krebernik, Uraš A [in:] Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie vol. 14, 2014, p. 404; note that in the electronic edition authors of the entry on the two deities named Uraš and geographical location in Asia Minor are accidentally swapped

[10] Ch. Lilyquist, The Dilbat Hoard, Metropolitan Museum Journal 29, 1994, p. 6; note there's a typo in the article, "Ningal" is mentioned instead of "Ninegal"

[11] O. Drewnowska-Rymarz, Mesopotamian Goddess Nanajā, 2008, p. 139

[12] K. van der Torn, Migration and the Spread of Local Cults [in:] A. Schoors, K. Van Lerberghe (eds.), Immigration and Emigration Within the Ancient Near East: Festschrift E. Lipinski, 1995, p. 368

[13] W. G. Lambert, Lāgamāl [in] Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie vol 6, 1983, p. 418-419

[14] G. De Clercq, Die Göttin Ninegal/Bēlet-ekallim nach den altorientalischen Quellen des 3. und 2. Jt. v. Chr. mit einer Zusammenfassung der hethitischen Belegstellen sowie der des 1.Jt. v. Chr. (dissertation), 2004, p. 17, footnote 80: "Ninegal und Uraš, der Stadtgott von Dilbat, formen hier ein Paar. Siehe Unger, RlA 2 ("Dilbat") 222 über den Tempel der Ninegal in Dilbat und ihre Verehrung als Gemahlin des Uraš. Über die doppelte Gestalt der Gottheit Uraš schreibt auch Kienast, in: Fs van Dijk (1985) 112f.: Er ist als männlicher Gott bekannt, als Stadtgott von Dilbat und allgemein in Nordbabylonien; andererseits kann die Gottheit weiblich sein ("die Erde") und mit An verbunden werden."

[15] S. W. Holloway, Aššur is King! Aššur is King!: Religion in the Exercise of Power in the Neo-Assyrian Empire, 2002, p. 254

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