Alexander Murray

Alexander Murray
Tavalludi	2-iyun 1810-yil; Crieff, Perthshire, Scotland
Vafoti	18-dekabr 1884-yil ; (74 yoshda) ;
Fuqaroligi	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Mashhur ishlari	Geology of Newfoundland

Aleksandr Murray (2-iyun 1810-yil, 18-dekabr 1884-yil) Shotlandiyalik geolog. Murray Kanadaning geologik tadqiqotchisi va Nyu-Fundland geologik tarmog'ida tanilgan.

Tarjimai holi

Yoshlik davrlari

Aleksandr Murray 2-iyun 1810-yilda Shotlandiyaning Perthshire shahridagi Crieff kuchasida Dollerie oilasida tugʻilgan. U Royal Navy Academyda taʼlim olgan va 1824-yilda Royal Navy-ga qoʻshilgan. Marikhada oʻz faoliyati davomida Murray Navarino jangida yaralandi va oʻz harakatlari uchun medal oldi. Murray 1833-yilda leytenant boʻlib, 1835-yilda xizmatdan pensiyaga chiqdi. Pensiyadan keyin Murray Kanada yuqori qismidagi Woodstock shahriga koʻchib oʻtdi.

1837-1838-yillar boʻlib oʻtgan isyonlar paytida Murray oʻz ixtiyori bilan xizmatga kirdi va leytenant Andrey Drewning dengiz brigadasida xizmat qildi^[1]^[2].

Bir muddat fermerlik qilganidan soʻng, Murray va uning oilasi 1841-yilda Angliyaga qaytishdi va u Royal Navy-ga qayta tayinlanishi muvaffaqiyatsiz kechdi^[2]. Angliyada boʻlganida, Murray geologiyani oʻrgandi va 1842-1843-yillarda Buyuk Britaniyaning geologik surentiga tayinlandi^[1].

Kanada geologik tadqiqoti

1842-yilda Kanada viloyati Kanada geologik suverentini tashkil etdi va Vilyam Edmund Logani uning birinchi direktori etib tayinladi^[3]. 1842-yil qishini Angliyada oʻtkazganida, Logan Murrayni yordamchisi etib tayinlagan. Murray 1843-yil may oyida Kanadaga qaytib keldi va ular koloniyaning tabiiy resurslarini tekshirishni boshladilar. Murray Ontariyo yarim orolining yerini tekshirgan, Logan esa Novaskotiya va Yangi Brunsvik tekshirgan^[4].

1851-yil 31-may kuni Murray, Tomas Sterri Xuntning viloyatdan olingan 100 funtlik bitumen namunasini tahlil qilganiga koʻra, Enniskillen shaharchasi maydon ishlarini olib bordi^[5]. Murray oʻz maʼruzasida mintaqada turli bitumenlar joylashganligini tasdiqladi, neft suzishlarining mavjudligini qayd etdi va materialni lampa yoqilgʻisi, boʻyoqlar, lakslar va asfalt ishlab chiqarish uchun mos deb eʼlon qildi^[2]^[6]. Murray shira agatlarining iqtisodiy foydalarini hisoblashda ehtiyotkor boʻlsa-da, uning ishi Charlz va Henri Trippning eʼtiborini jalb qildi, ular 1852-yilda Enniskillen shahrida koʻp narsalarni sotib olishdi va 1854 yilda dunyodagi birinchi kompaniyani tashkil etdi^[7]^[8]. 1858-yilda Murray tomonidan tashkil etilgan Enniskillen neft quvurida Jeyms Miller Uilyams Shimoliy Amerikaning birinchi tijorat neft qudratini tashkil etdi[2]^[9].

Nikoh va farzandlar

1836-yil atrofida Murray Shotlandiyada Fanny Judkins bilan turmush qurgan^[2]. Birgalikda ular bir oʻgʻil va ikkita qizga ota-onasi boʻlishdi^[10].

Anthony Hepburn (30-oktabr 1840-yilda tugʻilgan)

Meri Ellen (20-oktabr 1838-yilda tugʻilgan)

Helen (19-mart 1843-yilda tugʻilgan)

Judkins 1862-1863-yil qishida Woodstockda vafot etdi. Murray Kanada geologik tergovining Monrealdagi shtab kvartirasida vaqtincha yashardi^[11].

Keyingi hayoti va oʻlimi

1864-yilda Murray Nyu-Fundlandga koʻchib oʻtdi va Nyu-Fundalandning geologik tadqiqotining birinchi direktori boʻldi. Uning birinchi katta vazifasi — orol ichki qismining ishonchli topografik xaritasini yaratish edi. Murray Hall's Bay va St. Jorj Bay oʻrtasidagi hududda, shuningdek, Conception, Placentia va St. Mary’s korfazlari atrofidagi hududda ishlar olib bordi. U shuningdek, Buyuk Shimoliy Yarim oroli va Markaziy Nyu-Fundlandning qismlarini xaritasini yaratgan.

Murray Nyu-Fundlandning birinchi geologik xaritasini ishlab chiqdi va uning orol ichidagi boy resurslar haqidagi hisobotlari 1881- yilda trans-orol temir yoʻlini qurish qarorida muhim omil boʻlgan.

Murrayning sogʻligi yomonligi tufayli u 1883-yilda Shotlandiyaga qaytdi. 1884-yil 18-dekabr kuni Murray Crieffning Belmont koʻchasida vafot etdi^[2].

Manbalar

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 „Alexander Murray | The Canadian Encyclopedia“. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 19-iyun.„Alexander Murray | The Canadian Encyclopedia“. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 ^2,4 „Biography – MURRAY, ALEXANDER (1810–84) – Volume XI (1881–1890) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography“. www.biographi.ca. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 19-iyun.„Biography — MURRAY, ALEXANDER (1810-84) — Volume XI (1881-1890) — Dictionary of Canadian Biography“. www.biographi.ca. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
↑ Robert, Bell (April 1892). „Alexander Murray, F.G.S., F.R.S.C., C.M.G.“. The Canadian Record of Science. 5-jild. 87-bet.
↑ May, Gary.. Hard oiler! : the story of canadians' quest for oil at home and abroad. Toronto: Dundurn, 1998 — 22-bet. ISBN 978-1-4597-1312-3. OCLC 1127560811.
↑ Burr, Christina.. Canada's Victorian Oil Town : the Transformation of Petrolia from Resource Town into a Victorian Community.. Montreal. Kingston, London and Ithaca: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2006 — 70–71-bet. ISBN 978-0-7735-7590-5. OCLC 951204013.
↑ May, Gary.. Hard oiler! : the story of canadians' quest for oil at home and abroad. Toronto: Dundurn, 1998 — 23-bet. ISBN 978-1-4597-1312-3. OCLC 1127560811.
↑ Taylor, Graham D.. Imperial standard : Imperial Oil, Exxon, and the Canadian oil industry from 1880, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2019 — 23-bet. ISBN 978-1-77385-036-8. OCLC 1087508620.
↑ Gray, Earle.. Ontario's petroleum legacy : the birth, evolution and challenges of a global industry. Edmonton: Heritage Community Foundation, 2008 — 17–19-bet. ISBN 978-1-4593-3970-5. OCLC 842999352.
↑ Burr, Christina.. Canada's Victorian Oil Town : the Transformation of Petrolia from Resource Town into a Victorian Community.. Montreal, Kingston, London and Ithaca: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2006 — 15-bet. ISBN 978-0-7735-7590-5. OCLC 951204013.
↑ Robert, Bell (April 1892). „Alexander Murray, F.G.S., F.R.S.C., C.M.G.“. Canadian Record of Science. 5-jild. 80–81-bet.
↑ Bell, Robert (April 1892). „Alexander Murray, F.G.S., F.R.S.C., C.M.G.“. The Canadian Record of Science. 5-jild. 81-bet.Bell, Robert (April 1892). „Alexander Murray, F. G.S., F. R.S. C., C. M.G.“ The Canadian Record of Science. 5: 81 – via Canadiana.

[:2-1] 1,0 ^1,1 „Alexander Murray | The Canadian Encyclopedia“. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 19-iyun.„Alexander Murray | The Canadian Encyclopedia“. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 2020-06-19.

[:0-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 ^2,4 „Biography – MURRAY, ALEXANDER (1810–84) – Volume XI (1881–1890) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography“. www.biographi.ca. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 19-iyun.„Biography — MURRAY, ALEXANDER (1810-84) — Volume XI (1881-1890) — Dictionary of Canadian Biography“. www.biographi.ca. Retrieved 2020-06-19.

[:3-3] Robert, Bell (April 1892). „Alexander Murray, F.G.S., F.R.S.C., C.M.G.“. The Canadian Record of Science. 5-jild. 87-bet.

[4] May, Gary.. Hard oiler! : the story of canadians' quest for oil at home and abroad. Toronto: Dundurn, 1998 — 22-bet. ISBN 978-1-4597-1312-3. OCLC 1127560811.

[:4-5] Burr, Christina.. Canada's Victorian Oil Town : the Transformation of Petrolia from Resource Town into a Victorian Community.. Montreal. Kingston, London and Ithaca: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2006 — 70–71-bet. ISBN 978-0-7735-7590-5. OCLC 951204013.

[6] May, Gary.. Hard oiler! : the story of canadians' quest for oil at home and abroad. Toronto: Dundurn, 1998 — 23-bet. ISBN 978-1-4597-1312-3. OCLC 1127560811.

[7] Taylor, Graham D.. Imperial standard : Imperial Oil, Exxon, and the Canadian oil industry from 1880, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2019 — 23-bet. ISBN 978-1-77385-036-8. OCLC 1087508620.

[8] Gray, Earle.. Ontario's petroleum legacy : the birth, evolution and challenges of a global industry. Edmonton: Heritage Community Foundation, 2008 — 17–19-bet. ISBN 978-1-4593-3970-5. OCLC 842999352.

[9] Burr, Christina.. Canada's Victorian Oil Town : the Transformation of Petrolia from Resource Town into a Victorian Community.. Montreal, Kingston, London and Ithaca: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2006 — 15-bet. ISBN 978-0-7735-7590-5. OCLC 951204013.

[10] Robert, Bell (April 1892). „Alexander Murray, F.G.S., F.R.S.C., C.M.G.“. Canadian Record of Science. 5-jild. 80–81-bet.

[:1-11] Bell, Robert (April 1892). „Alexander Murray, F.G.S., F.R.S.C., C.M.G.“. The Canadian Record of Science. 5-jild. 81-bet.Bell, Robert (April 1892). „Alexander Murray, F. G.S., F. R.S. C., C. M.G.“ The Canadian Record of Science. 5: 81 – via Canadiana.

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