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National Geographic (jurnal)

Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya
National Geographic
National Geographic Magazine March 2017 Cover.jpg
Sohasi Geografiya, tarix, tabiat, fan, jahon madaniyati
Davriyligi oylik
Tili Ingliz va boshqa turli tillar
Nashriyot (mamlakat) (AQSh)

National Geographic (ilgari The National Geographic Magazine[1], baʼzan NAT GEO[2] deb nomlanadi) – National Geographic Partners tomonidan chop etiladigan Amerika oylik jurnali[3]. Jurnal 1888-yilda ilmiy jurnal sifatida, jamiyat tashkil topganidan toʻqqiz oy oʻtib tashkil etilgan boʻlsa-da, hozirda eng mashhur jurnallardan biri hisoblanadi. 1905-yilda u suratlarni qoʻshishni boshladi, bu uslub bilan mashhur boʻldi. Uning birinchi rangli fotosuratlari 1910-yillarda paydo boʻlgan. Sovuq urush davrida jurnal Temir parda ortidagi mamlakatlarning jismoniy va insoniy geografiyasining muvozanatli koʻrinishini taqdim etish majburiyatini oldi. Keyinchalik jurnal atrof-muhit muammolari haqida ochiq gapira boshlaydi.

2015-yilgacha jurnal toʻliq National Geographic Jamiyatiga tegishli boʻlgan. 2019-yildan boshlab aksiyalarning nazorat paketiga The Walt Disney kompaniyasi ham qoʻshilgan.

Koʻproq geografiya, tarix, tabiat, fan va jahon madaniyatiga oid mavzularni yoritib boradi. Jurnal oʻzining: sariq toʻrtburchak hoshiyali oʻralgan yaltiroq formati bilan mashhur. Yana jurnalning anʼanaviy bosma va interaktiv onlayn nashrlariga National Geographic Mapsʼdan xaritalar qoʻshilgan.

1995-yil holatiga koʻra, jurnal butun dunyo boʻylab qirqqa yaqin mahalliy tilda nashr etilgan va oyiga kamida 6,5 million (1980-yillar oxiridagi 12 milliondan kam), shu jumladan AQShda 3,5 million global tirajda bosib chiqarilgan[4][5]. 2015-yil holatiga koʻra, jurnal 25 ta Milliy jurnal mukofotini qoʻlga kiritgan[6].

2022-yil oktabr holatiga koʻra, Instagram sahifasida 243 million obunachiga ega, bu alohida mashhur kishiga tegishli boʻlmagan akkauntlarning orasida eng koʻpidir[7]. 2022-yil 31-dekabr holatiga koʻra tiraj 1,8 millionga yaqin edi[8].

2023-yilda National Geographic barcha yozuvchilarni ishdan boʻshatadi va kelgusi yilda AQSh gazeta doʻkonlari savdosini toʻxtatadi[9][10][11].

Adabiyotlar

[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
  • Stephanie L. Hawkins, American Iconographic: "National Geographic, " Global Culture, and the Visual Imagination, University of Virginia Press, 2010, 264 pages. A scholarly study of the magazineʼs rise as a cultural institution that uses the letters of its founders and its readers; argues that National Geographic encouraged readers to question Western values and identify with others. ISBN 978-0-8139-2966-8
  • Catherine A. Lutz and Jane L. Collins. Reading National Geographic. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993. A foundational work in the field of visual anthropology. In 1915, Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor announced seven principles which would guide National Geographic. These included a call for absolute accuracy and objective reporting of important issues. Nothing controversial or partisan would be included. The emphasis would be on the photographs themselves.
  • Robert M. Poole, Explorers House: National Geographic and the World it Made, 2004; reprint, Penguin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-14-303593-0

Manbalar

[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
  1. ↑ „The National Geographic Magazine“. National Geographic Magazine. 1-jild, № 1. Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society. October 1888. Front cover-bet. Qaraldi: 15 March 2023.
  2. ↑ Beatty, Luke „Evolving one of the world's most iconic, recognizable brands: National Geographic“. brandfolder.com (2018-yil yanvar). — „Our formal brand name is National Geographic and that is what we use. Of course, we recognize that a lot of our consumers call us "Nat Geo," and that's fine. We use "Nat Geo" primarily in the digital space, where character count is at a premium.“. 2023-yil 15-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 15-mart.
  3. ↑ "National Geographic Magazine". Encyclopedia Britannica. Washington, D.C.. March 28, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Geographic-Magazine. <!--->
  4. ↑ Farhi, Paul. „National Geographic gives Fox control of media assets in $725 million deal“ (2014-yil 9-sentyabr). 2019-yil 15-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2016-yil 8-iyul.
  5. ↑ „National Geographic Boilerplates“. National Geographic Press Room. National Geographic Society (2015-yil aprel). — „Published in English and nearly 40 local-language editions, National Geographic magazine has a global circulation of around 6.7 million.“. 2016-yil 4-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2016-yil 8-iyul.
  6. ↑ Howard, Brian Clark „National Geographic Wins National Magazine Awards“ (en). National Geographic (2015-yil 3-fevral). 2021-yil 19-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 19-noyabr.
  7. ↑ „Top 100 Instagrammers“. 2021-yil 16-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 26-may.
  8. ↑ „Magazine media – Circulation averages“. Alliance for Audited Media. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 26-iyun.
  9. ↑ Nair, Deepthi „National Geographic lays off all staff writers and will stop US newsstand sales“ (en). The National (2023-yil 29-iyun). Qaraldi: 2023-yil 10-iyul.
  10. ↑ Clayton, Abené. „National Geographic reportedly lays off its last staff writers“ (en-GB). The Guardian (2023-yil 29-iyun). Qaraldi: 2023-yil 10-iyul.
  11. ↑ „My new National Geographic just arrived, which includes my latest feature—my 16th, and my last as a senior writer. NatGeo is laying off all of its staff writers. I've been so lucky. I got to work w/incredible journalists and tell important, global stories. It's been an honor.“ (en). Twitter. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 10-iyul.

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