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Michel Butor

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Michel Butor

Michel Butor 2022-yilda
Tavalludi
Michel Marie François Butor

14-sentyabr 1926-yil
Mons-en-Barœul, Nord, Fransiya
Vafoti 24-avgust 2016-yil(2016-08-24)
(89 yoshda)
Contamine-sur-Arve, Fransiya
Kasbi yozuvchi
Ijod qilgan tillari Fransuz tili[1]
Fuqaroligi Fransiya
Alma mater Parij Universiteti
Janr
Turmush oʻrtogʻi Marie-Josèphe
Bolalari 4 nafar qiz

Michel Butor (fransuzcha: [miʃɛl bytɔʁ]; 1926-yil 14-sentyabrda tugʻilgan) – fransuz shoiri, romannavis, oʻqituvchi, sanʼatshunos olim va tarjimon[2][3].

Hayoti va ijodi

[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Michel Marie François Butor 1926-yil 14-sentyabrda Lille shahrining chekkasida joylashgan Mons-en-Barœul qishlogʻida tugʻilgan. U oiladagi 7 ta farzandning uchinchisi boʻlib tugʻilgan. Uning otasi Émile Butor (1891–1960), temir yoʻl inspektori boʻlgan. Onasi Anna (1896–1972) esa Sorbonnada falsafa sohasida oʻqigan va uni 1947-yilda tamomlagan[4].

U 1950–1951-yillarda Misrning Minya shahrida fransuz tilidan dars bergan, shundan soʻng Michel Manchester (1951–1953), Saloniki (1954–1955) va Jenevada (1956–1957) dars bergan. 1958-yilda u Marie-Josèphe bilan oila qurgan. Ularning toʻrt nafar qizlari boʻlgan.

Uning birinchi romani „Passage de Milan“ 1954-yilda nashr etilgan. Shundan keyin 1956-yilda Prix Fénéon mukofotiga sazovor boʻlgan „L’Emploi du temps“ va 1957-yilda Prix Renaudot mukofotiga sazovor boʻlgan „La Modification“ asarlarini yozib tugatgan. Uning soʻnggi romani „Degrés“ 1960-yilda nashr etilgan.

1960-yilda u Bryn Mawr kolleji va Middlebury kolleji professorlari bilan uchrashish uchun Amerikaga tashrif buyurgan. Michelning Qoʻshma Shtatlar boʻylab qilgan sayohatlari natijasida yozilgan va 1962-yilda nashr etilgan birinchi eksperimental kitobi boʻlmish „Mobile“ asari kitobxonlar orasida bahs-munozaraga sabab boʻlgan[5].

Keyingi bir necha yillar davomida u sanʼatning turli yoʻnalishlarida ijod qilgan. Michel insholardan tortib sheʼrlar-u sanʼat kitoblarigacha turli yoʻnalishlarda oʻz mahoratini oshirib borgan[6]. U sanʼatga oid kitoblar yaratish uchun Gérard Serée bilan hamkorlikda ishlagan[7]. Adabiyot, rassomchilik va sayohat Butorning sevimli mavzulari edi. Michelning asarlaridagi yozish texnikasining jozibadorligi shundan iborat ediki, u har bir asarida voqealarning uzviy ketma-ketligi va bogʻliqligiga alohida ahamiyat qaratgan va shu jihatidan u fransuz yozuvchisi Robbe-Grilletga emas, balki Baudelairega koʻproq oʻxshash tarzda ijod qilganligi taʼkidlangan.

Jurnalistlar va tanqidchilar uning romanlarini nouveau roman turi bilan aloqadorligini taʼkidlashgan, ammo Butorning oʻzi bu bogʻliqlikni uzoq vaqtlar davomida inkor etib kelgan. Bu kabi oʻxshashlik haqidagi fikrlarning asosi uning yangi romannavis yozuvchi boʻlishiga qaramasdan, professional yozuvchilar kabi badiiy tasvirlay olishiga borib taqalgan[8]. Uning eng mashhur romani hisoblanmish „La Modification“ butunlay ikkinchi shaxs tomonidan yozilgan. 1967-yilda yozilgan „La critique et l’invention“ asarida u hatto eng sodda iqtibos ham allaqachon oʻziga xos parodiyaga aylanganligini aytgan[9][10][11][12].

1977-yilda Butor oʻsha paytdagi Rollins kollejining fransuz professori Elinor S.Miller bilan uchrashgandan soʻng, u bilan doʻstlashib qolgan[13]. Ular tarjimalar, kataloglar va maʼruzalar ustida birgalikda ishlashgan. 2002-yilda Miller „Prisms and Rainbows: Michel Butor’s Collaborations with Jacques Monory, Jiri Kolar, and Pierre Alechinsky“ nomli kitobni nashr ettirgan[14].

2006-yil New Yorkdagi Zamonaviy Sanʼat Muzeyida boʻlib oʻtgan intervyuda shoir John Ashbery New Yorkdagi kechki ovqatda Michel Butorning yonida oʻtirishni juda xohlaganini taʼkidlab oʻtgan[15].

Butor 2013-yilda Grand prix de littérature de l’Académie française mukofoti bilan taqdirlangan. U 2016-yil 24-avgust kuni Fransiyaning janubi-sharqiy hududida vafot etgan[16].

Michel Butor 2016-yilda tashkil etilgan The Raymond Roussel Society nomli jamiyatning faxriy aʼzosi boʻlgan. Bu jamiyatda yana taniqli arboblardan John Ashbery, Miquel Barceló, Joan Bofill-Amargós, Thor Halvorssen va Hermes Salceda ham boʻlgan. Bu jamiyat innovatsion va sirli yozuvchi Raymond Roussel ijodini oʻrganish va shunga qiziquvchi yosh ijodkorlarni bir yerda toʻplash va uning ijodiy merosini yuksaltirishni oʻz oldiga maqsad qilib qoʻygan. Ushbu hamkorlik orqali Butorning taʼsiri va tajribasi jamiyat uchun Russelning oʻziga xos adabiy usullarini hamda uning butun dunyo adabiyot olamiga taʼsir koʻrsatgan innovatsion gʻoyalarini chuqurroq tushunilishiga hissa qoʻshgan.

Tanlangan bibliografiyasi

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Bu bibliografiya Jean Duffyning Michel Butor asarlari uchun tavsiya etgan toifalar boʻyicha tuzilgan[17].

Romanlari

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  • Passage de Milan (Les Editions de Minuit, 1954)[18][19].
  • L’Emploi du temps (Les Editions de Minuit, 1956).
  • La Modification (Les Editions de Minuit, 1957).
  • Degrés (Gallimard, 1960)[20].

Eksperimental ishlari

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  • Mobile : étude pour une représentation des États-Unis (Gallimard, 1962).
  • Réseau aérien : texte radiophonique (Gallimard, 1962).
  • Description de San Marco (Gallimard, 1963).
  • 6 810 000 litres d’eau par seconde : étude stéréophonique (Gallimard, 1965)[21][22].
  • Intervalle : anecdote en expansion (Gallimard, 1973)

Esseylari

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  • Répertoire [I–V] (1960; 1964; 1968; 1974; 1982)
  • Histoire extraordinaire : essai sur un rêve de Baudelaire (1961)[23].
  • Essais sur les modernes (1964)
  • Essais sur Les Essaies (1968)
  • Essais sur le roman (1969).
  • Improvisations sur Flaubert (1984)
  • Improvisations sur Henri Michaux (1985)
  • Improvisations sur Rimbaud (1989)
  • Improvisations sur Michel Butor : l'écriture en transformation (1993).
  • L’Utilité poétique (1995)
  • Improvisations sur Balzac [I–III] (1998)

Boshqa asarlari

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  • Le Génie du lieu [1-5] (1958–1996):
    • Le Génie du lieu (1958).
    • Où: le Génie du lieu, 2 (1971)
    • Boomerang: le Génie du lieu, 3 (1978)[24].
    • Transit: le Génie du lieu, 4 (1992)
    • Gyroscope: autrement dit le Génie du lieu, 5 et dernier (1996)
  • Hérold (1964)
  • Illustrations [I–IV] (1964; 1969; 1973; 1976)
  • Portrait de l’artiste en jeune singe (Gallimard, 1967).
  • La Banlieue de l’Aube à l’Aurore (Fata Morgana, 1968). [25][26]
  • Les Mots dans la peinture (1969)
  • Votre Faust: Fantaisie variable genre Opéra (Henri Pousseur bilan) (1969)
  • La Rose des Vents: 32 Rhumbs pour Charles Fourier (Gallimard, 1970)
  • Travaux d’approche (Gallimard, 1972)
  • Matière de rêves [I–V] (1975–1985):
    • Matière de rêves (1975)
    • Second sous-sol: Matière de rêves II (1976)
    • Troisième dessous: Matière de rêves III (1977)
    • Quadruple fond: Matière de rêves IV (1981)
    • Mille et un plis: Matière de rêves V (1985)
  • Vanité: conversation dans les Alpes-Maritimes (1980)
  • Envois (Gallimard, 1980)
  • Exprès: Envois II (Gallimard, 1983)
  • Avant-Goût [I–IV] (1984; 1987; 1989; 1992)
  • Frontières: entretiens avec Christian Jacomino (1985). Frontiers, trans. Elinor S. Miller (Summa Publications, 1989).
  • Le Retour du boomerang (1988)
  • L’Embarquement de la Reine de Saba : d’après le tableau de Claude Lorrain (1989)
  • Parrure (1994). Ethnic Jewelry: Africa, Asia, and the Pacific, trans. Daniel Wheeler, Mary Laing, and Emily Lane (Vendome Press, 1994).
  • Entretiens: Quarante ans de vie littéraire (1999). In three volumes, covering 1956 to 1996.
  • Quant au livre: triptyque en l’honneur de Gauguin (2000)
  • Seize lustres (Gallimard, 2006)
  • Ruines d’avenir: un livre tapisserie (Actes Sud Editions, 2016)

Ingliz tilidagi toʻplamlari

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  • Inventory: Essays by Michel Butor, edited by Richard Howard (Simon & Schuster, 1968; Cape, 1970)[27].
  • Selected Essays ed. Richard Skinner, trans. Mathilde Merouani (Vanguard Editions, 2022).

Mukofotlari

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Adabiyotlar

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  • Jean Roudaut. Michel Butor ou le livre futur (1964)[31]
  • Georges Raillard. Butor – Collection „La bibliothèque idéale“ (1968)[32]
  • John Sturrock. The French New Novel: Claude Simon, Michel Butor, Alain Robbe-Grillet (1969)[33]
  • Jennifer Waelti-Walters. Michel Butor: A Study of His View of the World and a Panorama of His Work 1954–1974 (1977)
  • Jean-Louis de Rambures. Comment travaillent les écrivains (Paris: Flammarion, 1978) (interview with Michel Butor, in French)
  • Mary Lydon. Perpetuum Mobile: A Study of the Novels and Aesthetics of Michel Butor (1980)[34]
  • Pam Brown. Courrier des Antipodes – Notes on Michel Butor’s Letters from the Antipodes in Cordite Poetry Review (2017)[35]

Manbalar

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  1. ↑ (unspecified title)
  2. ↑ L’écrivain Michel Butor, figure du Nouveau Roman, est mort (fransuzcha)
  3. ↑ French writer Michel Butor dies aged 89: family (Wayback Machine saytida 2016-09-17 sanasida arxivlangan)
  4. ↑ His DES thesis (Andoza:Interlanguage link, roughly equivalent to an MA thesis) under Gaston Bachelard was titled Les Mathématiques et l’idée de nécessité, „Mathematics and the Idea of Necessity“ (see Mary Lydon, Perpetuum Mobile: A Study of the Novels and Aesthetics of Michel Butor, University of Alberta, 1980, p. 156 n. 31)
  5. ↑ Daniels, T. Tilden (2008-07-01). "Michel Butor's Mobile: Modernism, Postmodernism, and American Art". Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures 62 (2): 99–112. doi:10.3200/SYMP.62.2.99-112. ISSN 0039-7709. https://doi.org/10.3200/SYMP.62.2.99-112. 
  6. ↑ Manuel Casimiro, Books on Manuel Casimiro
  7. ↑ Gerard Seree, Notes of biography, Gallery Michelle Champetier, 2020
  8. ↑ Une Conversation avec Michel Butor (fransuzcha) quotation:

    La littérature, c’est l’expérimentation sur le langage.
  9. ↑ Linda Hutcheon (1985), A theory of parody: the teachings of twentieth-century art forms, p. 41
  10. ↑ Allan H. Pasco (1994), Allusion: a literary graft, p. 217
  11. ↑ Original quotation:

    La citation la plus littérale est déjà dans une certaine mesure une parodie. Le simple prélèvement la transforme, le choix dans lequel je l'insère, sa découpure (deux critiques peuvent citer le même passage en fixant ses bords différemment), les allégements que j'opère à l'intérieur, lesquels peuvent substituer une autre grammaire à l'originelle et naturellement, la façon dont je l'aborde, dont elle est prise dans mon commentaire
  12. ↑ Michel Butor (1981), Letters from the Antipodes, p. 162 quotation:

    A whole ideology of ownership and transmission is implied by the commercial promotion of books and a certain kind of discourse in newspapers, schools and universities, with its emphasis on greatness, uniqueness, and influence—often via quotation—as a one-way process. This ideology has received a battering for many years now at the hands of authors such as James Joyce, Ezra Pound, Jorge Luis Borges (Pierre Menard, Author of Don Quixote) and Butor himself.
  13. ↑ Miller, Elinor (1977-09-01). "Approaches to the Cataract: Butor's Niagara". Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature 2 (1). doi:10.4148/2334-4415.1045. ISSN 2334-4415. https://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol2/iss1/4. 
  14. ↑ The Fales Library of NYU’s guide to Elinor Miller Paper (Wayback Machine saytida 2009-11-30 sanasida arxivlangan)
  15. ↑ Audio file
  16. ↑ Grimes, William. „Michel Butor, French Novelist Who Shattered Conventions, Dies at 89“. The New York Times (2016-yil 4-sentyabr).
  17. ↑ „Introduction“ (en). The University of Edinburgh (2022-yil 3-iyun). Qaraldi: 2024-yil 6-mart.
  18. ↑ Gil Orlovitz. The Award Avant-Garde Reader, Internet Archive, 1965. 
  19. ↑ „Two chapters from Passage de Milan“ (en). contentdm.carleton.edu. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 18-aprel.
  20. ↑ Butor, Michel. Degrees, a novel, Internet Archive (en, fr), New York, Simon and Schuster, 1961. 
  21. ↑ Butor, Michel; Michel Butor Collection (Library of Congress) DLC. Niagara, a novel, Internet Archive, Chicago, H. Regnery Co, 1969. 
  22. ↑ „Il en fait trop ! Place de la radio dans l'œuvre et la vie de Michel Butor“ (fr-FR). Komodo 21 (2021-yil 6-oktyabr). Qaraldi: 2023-yil 12-aprel.
  23. ↑ Butor, Michel. Histoire extraordinaire: essay on a dream of Baudelaire's;, Internet Archive, London, Cape, 1969. ISBN 978-0-224-61663-8. 
  24. ↑ Butor, Michel. Letters from the Antipodes, Internet Archive, Athens, Ohio : Ohio University Press, 1981. ISBN 978-0-8214-0659-5. 
  25. ↑ THE SUNDAY POEM: MICHEL BUTOR TRANSLATED BY JEFFREY GROSS Gwarlingo, Sept. 15, 2013.
  26. ↑ Aldredge, Michelle „Michel Butor's The Suburbs from Dawn to Daybreak“ (en-US). Gwarlingo. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 2-avgust.
  27. ↑ Butor, Michel. Inventory; essays, Internet Archive, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1969. 
  28. ↑ „In Memoriam: Michel Butor“ (en). frenchculture.org. 2022-yil 6-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 4-dekabr.
  29. ↑ „Académie Mallarmé – Prix Mallarmé, membres du jury, laureats“. www.academie-mallarme.fr. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 4-dekabr.
  30. ↑ „Portail SACEM“ (2008-yil 1-may). 2008-yil 1-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 8-iyul.
  31. ↑ Roudaut, Jean. Michel Butor : ou, Le livre futur : proposition, Internet Archive, [Paris] : Gallimard, 1964. 
  32. ↑ Raillard, Georges. Butor, Internet Archive, [Paris.] : Gallimard, 1968. 
  33. ↑ Sturrock, John. The French new novel: Claude Simon, Michel Butor, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Internet Archive, London, New York [etc.] Oxford U.P., 1969. ISBN 978-0-19-212178-3. 
  34. ↑ Lydon, Mary. Perpetuum mobile : a study of the novels and aesthetics of Michel Butor, Internet Archive, Edmonton [Alta.] : University of Alberta Press, 1980. ISBN 978-0-88864-055-0. 
  35. ↑ „Courrier des Antipodes – Notes on Michel Butor's Letters from the Antipodes“ (en-US). Cordite Poetry Review (2017-yil 31-yanvar). Qaraldi: 2024-yil 1-mart.

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