Kontent qismiga oʻtish

Foydalanuvchi:JavohirHoshimov/qumloq

Koordinatalari: 52°13′N 21°0′E / 52.217°N 21.000°E / 52.217; 21.000
Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya
Bu sahifa the contemporary administrative unit haqidadir. other uses of that name uchun Masovian Voivodeship (disambiguation) sahifasiga qarang.
Masovian Voivodeship
Województwo mazowieckie
Voivodeship
Flag of Masovian Voivodeship
Bayroq
Motto: 
"Serce Polski" (Heart of Poland)
Location within Poland
Location within Poland
Division into counties
Division into counties
Koordinatalari (Warsaw): 52°13′N 21°0′E / 52.217°N 21.000°E / 52.217; 21.000
Country Polsha bayrogʻi Polsha
Capital Warsaw
Counties
Hukumat
 • Joylashuv o'rni Executive board
 • Voivode Mariusz Frankowski (PO)
 • Marshal Adam Struzik (PSL)
 • EP Masovian constituency
Warsaw constituency
Hudud
 • Total 35 579 km2 (10 000 sq mi)
Aholisi
 (2019)
 • Total 5 411 446[1]
 • Zichligi 151/km2 (400/sq mi)
GDP
[2]
 • Total €150.3 billion (2022)
 • Per capita €27,300 (2022)
Vaqt mintaqasi UTC+1 (CET)
 • Yoz (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
ISO 3166 kodi PL-14
Avtomobilni ro‘yxatdan o‘tkazish W, A
HDI (2021) 0.926[3]
very high · 1st
Veb-sayt mazovia.pl
* further divided into 314 gminas

Masovian Voivodeship or Mazowieckie Province[4] or Mazowieckie Voivodeship[5] or Mazovian Voivodeship or Mazovian Province, etc.[6][7] (polyakcha: województwo mazowieckie, pl) is a voivodeship (province) in east-central Poland, containing Poland's capital Warsaw.

Masovian Voivodeship has an area of 35,579 square kilometre (13,737 kv mi) and had a 2019 population of 5,411,446, making it Poland's largest and most populous province.[1] Its principal cities are Warsaw (1.783 million) in the center of the Warsaw metropolitan area, Radom (212,230) to the south, Płock (119,709) to the west, Siedlce (77,990) to the east, and Ostrołęka (52,071) to the north. It borders six other provinces: Warmia-Mazury to the north, Podlaskie to the northeast, Lublin to the southeast, Holy Cross to the south, Łódź to the southwest, and Kujawy-Pomorze to the northwest.

The name of the province recalls the region's traditional name, Mazovia (in Polish Mazowsze, also spelled Masovia), with which it is roughly coterminous. However, the province's southern part, including Radom, historically belonged to Lesser Poland; while Łomża with environs, though historically part of Mazovia, is now part of Podlaskie Voivodeship.

Masovian Voivodeship is Poland's prime center of science, research, education, industry, and infrastructure.[8] It has Poland's lowest unemployment rate and is a very high-income province.[8] It is also popular with tourists due to the many historical monuments and its over 20% forested area of pine and oak.[9] The province's Kampinos National Park is a UNESCO biosphere reserve.

History

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17th-century view of Warsaw

In the Early Middle Ages, the territory was inhabited by the Masovians, an old Polish tribe. It formed part of Poland since its establishment in the 10th century, with the then-regional capital Płock being the capital of Poland from 1079 to 1138. The Wzgórze Tumskie ("Cathedral Hill") in Płock with the Płock Castle and the Catholic Cathedral, seat of one of the oldest Polish dioceses, est. in 1075, which contains the sarcophagi of a number of Polish monarchs, is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.[10] Later, Płock, Warsaw and Czersk were medieval ducal seats of the Piast dynasty.

In 1505, Radom hosted the session of the Sejm (Polish Parliament), which enacted the Nihil novi act, and in the 16th century, Warsaw hosted several sessions of the Sejm,[11] before King Sigismund III Vasa moved the Polish capital from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596.

Following the late-18th-century Partitions of Poland, the region witnessed several uprisings against foreign rule: the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794, the November Uprising of 1830–1831, and the January Uprising of 1863–1864.

In the interbellum, the region was part of reborn independent Poland. In 1920, the region was invaded by Soviet Russia, but Poland secured its freedom in the victorious Battle of Warsaw. The southern part of the current province was rapidly industrialized as part of the Central Industrial Region of Poland.

During World War II, it was occupied by Germany, with the occupiers committing their genocidal policies against Poles and Jews in the region, with expulsions, massacres of civilians and prisoners of war, including at Ciepielów, Śladów, Zakroczym, Ostrów Mazowiecka, Palmiry, Firlej, Ochota, and Wola. Germany operated numerous prisons, forced labour camps, the Treblinka extermination camp, in which some 700,000–900,000 people were murdered, and several prisoner-of-war camps for Polish, Italian, French, Soviet, and Romanian prisoners of war.[12]

Masovian Province was created on 1 January 1999, under the Polish local-government reforms adopted in 1998, out of the former provinces of Warsaw, Płock, Ciechanów, Ostrołęka, Siedlce, and Radom.

Administrative division

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Masovian Voivodeship is divided into 42 counties, including five city counties and 37 land counties. These are subdivided into 314 gminas (municipalities), which include 85 urban gminas.

The counties, shown on the numbered map, are described in the table below.
Map
ref. 		English and
Polish names 		Area Population
(2019) 		Seat Other towns Total
gminas
(km²) (sq mi)
City counties
1 Warsaw
Warszawa 		517 200 1,783,321 1
(2) Ostrołęka 29 11 52,071 1
(3) Płock 88 34 119,709 1
(4) Radom 112 43 212,230 1
(5) Siedlce 32 12 77,990 1
Land counties
2 Ostrołęka County
powiat ostrołęcki 		2,099 810 88,717 Ostrołęka * Myszyniec 11
3 Płock County
powiat płocki 		1,799 695 110,987 Płock * Gąbin, Drobin, Wyszogród, Bodzanów 15
4 Radom County
powiat radomski 		1,530 591 152,190 Radom * Pionki, Iłża, Skaryszew, Jedlnia-Letnisko, Przytyk 13
5 Siedlce County
powiat siedlecki 		1,603 619 81,265 Siedlce * Mordy 13
6 Żuromin County
powiat żuromiński 		805 311 38,688 Żuromin Bieżuń, Lubowidz 6
7 Mława County
powiat mławski 		1,182 456 72,906 Mława 10
8 Przasnysz County
powiat przasnyski 		1,218 470 52,676 Przasnysz Chorzele 7
9 Ciechanów County
powiat ciechanowski 		1,063 410 89,460 Ciechanów Glinojeck 9
10 Sierpc County
powiat sierpecki 		853 329 52,077 Sierpc 7
11 Maków County
powiat makowski 		1,065 411 45,076 Maków Mazowiecki Różan 10
12 Ostrów Mazowiecka County
powiat ostrowski 		1,218 470 72,558 Ostrów Mazowiecka Brok 11
13 Płońsk County
powiat płoński 		1,384 534 87,183 Płońsk Raciąż, Sochocin, Nowe Miasto, Czerwińsk nad Wisłą 12
14 Pułtusk County
powiat pułtuski 		829 320 51,862 Pułtusk 7
15 Wyszków County
powiat wyszkowski 		876 338 74,094 Wyszków 6
16 Gostynin County
powiat gostyniński 		616 238 45,060 Gostynin Sanniki 5
17 Nowy Dwór County
powiat nowodworski 		692 267 79,256 Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki Nasielsk, Zakroczym 6
18 Legionowo County
powiat legionowski 		390 151 117,751 Legionowo Serock 5
19 Wołomin County
powiat wołomiński 		955 369 247,288 Wołomin Ząbki, Marki, Kobyłka, Zielonka, Radzymin, Tłuszcz, Jadów 12
20 Węgrów County
powiat węgrowski 		1,219 471 66,037 Węgrów Łochów 9
21 Sokołów County
powiat sokołowski 		1,131 437 53,992 Sokołów Podlaski Kosów Lacki 9
22 Sochaczew County
powiat sochaczewski 		731 282 85,024 Sochaczew 8
23 Warsaw West County
powiat warszawski zachodni 		533 206 117,783 Ożarów Mazowiecki Łomianki, Błonie 7
24 Mińsk County
powiat miński 		1,164 449 154,054 Mińsk Mazowiecki Sulejówek, Halinów, Kałuszyn, Mrozy, Siennica, Cegłów, Dobre, Latowicz 13
25 Łosice County
powiat łosicki 		772 298 30,895 Łosice 6
26 Żyrardów County
powiat żyrardowski 		533 206 75,787 Żyrardów Mszczonów, Wiskitki 5
27 Grodzisk Mazowiecki County
powiat grodziski 		367 142 94,962 Grodzisk Mazowiecki Milanówek, Podkowa Leśna 6
28 Pruszków County
powiat pruszkowski 		246 95 165,039 Pruszków Piastów, Brwinów 6
29 Piaseczno County
powiat piaseczyński 		621 240 186,460 Piaseczno Konstancin-Jeziorna, Góra Kalwaria, Tarczyn 6
30 Otwock County
powiat otwocki 		615 237 124,241 Otwock Józefów, Karczew, Osieck 8
31 Grójec County
powiat grójecki 		1,269 490 98,334 Grójec Warka, Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą, Mogielnica 10
32 Garwolin County
powiat garwoliński 		1,284 496 108,909 Garwolin Łaskarzew, Pilawa, Żelechów, Maciejowice 14
33 Białobrzegi County
powiat białobrzeski 		639 247 33,524 Białobrzegi Wyśmierzyce 6
34 Kozienice County
powiat kozienicki 		917 354 60,253 Kozienice Magnuszew, Głowaczów 7
35 Przysucha County
powiat przysuski 		801 309 41,721 Przysucha Odrzywół, Gielniów 8
36 Zwoleń County
powiat zwoleński 		571 220 36,222 Zwoleń 5
37 Szydłowiec County
powiat szydłowiecki 		452 175 39,766 Szydłowiec Jastrząb 5
38 Lipsko County
powiat lipski 		748 289 34,028 Lipsko Solec nad Wisłą, Sienno, Ciepielów 6
* seat not part of the county

Cities and towns

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Population density by gmina (at 2007-01-01)

The voivodeship contains 10 cities and 78 towns. These are listed below in descending order of population (according to official figures for 2019):[1]

Aholining oʻsishi
YilAholi±%
19884 997 845—    
20025 124 018+2.5%
20115 268 660+2.8%
20215 514 699+4.7%
Manba: pop-stat.mashke.org[13]
Cities (governed by a city mayor or prezydent miasta):
  1. Warsaw (1,783,321)
  2. Radom (212,230)
  3. Płock (119,709)
  4. Siedlce (77,990)
  5. Pruszków (62,076)
  6. Legionowo (54,049)
  7. Ostrołęka (52,071)
  8. Otwock (44,827)
  9. Ciechanów (44,118)
  10. Żyrardów (39,896)

Towns:

  1. Piaseczno (48,286)
  2. Mińsk Mazowiecki (40,836)
  3. Ząbki (37,219)
  4. Wołomin (37,082)
  5. Sochaczew (36,327)
  6. Marki (34,679)
  7. Grodzisk Mazowiecki (31,782)
  8. Mława (31,241)
  9. Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki (28,649)
  10. Wyszków (26,905)
  11. Kobyłka (24,096)
  12. Piastów (22,619)
  13. Ostrów Mazowiecka (22,489)
  14. Płońsk (22,130)
  15. Józefów (20,698)
  16. Milanówek (20,698)
  17. Sulejówek (19,766)
  18. Pułtusk (19,432)
  19. Sokołów Podlaski (18,946)
  20. Gostynin (18,588)
  21. Pionki (18,269)
  22. Sierpc (17,994)
  23. Zielonka (17,588)
  24. Garwolin (17,501)
  25. Przasnysz (17,264)
  26. Kozienice (17,208)
  27. Konstancin-Jeziorna (17,023)
  28. Łomianki (17,022)
  29. Grójec (16,745)
  30. Brwinów (13,601)
  31. Radzymin (13,005)
  32. Węgrów (12,628)
  33. Błonie (12,261)
  34. Góra Kalwaria (12,040)
  35. Warka (11,948)
  36. Szydłowiec (11,736)
  37. Ożarów Mazowiecki (11,719)
  38. Karczew (9,856)
  39. Maków Mazowiecki (9,776)
  40. Żuromin (8,867)
  41. Tłuszcz (8,156)
  42. Nasielsk (7,702)
  43. Zwoleń (7,698)
  44. Łosice (7,049)
  45. Białobrzegi (6,951)
  46. Łochów (6,825)
  47. Mszczonów (6,376)
  48. Przysucha (5,818)
  49. Lipsko (5,501)
  50. Łaskarzew (4,840)
  51. Iłża (4,733)
  52. Pilawa (4,578)
  53. Serock (4,506)
  54. Raciąż (4,384)
  55. Skaryszew (4,371)
  56. Gąbin (4,125)
  57. Tarczyn (4,116)
  58. Żelechów (3,988)
  59. Podkowa Leśna (3,851)
  60. Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą (3,755)
  61. Halinów (3,739)
  62. Mrozy (3,574)
  63. Myszyniec (3,408)
  64. Zakroczym (3,196)
  65. Chorzele (3,088)
  66. Glinojeck (3,019)
  67. Kałuszyn (2,899)
  68. Drobin (2,872)
  69. Różan (2,709)
  70. Wyszogród (2,601)
  71. Mogielnica (2,253)
  72. Kosów Lacki (2,089)
  73. Sanniki (1,961)
  74. Brok (1,941)
  75. Bieżuń (1,846)
  76. Mordy (1,788)
  77. Lubowidz (1,684)
  78. Wyśmierzyce (885)
  79. Jedlnia-Letnisko
  80. Siennica
  81. Cegłów
  82. Sochocin
  83. Dobre
  84. Nowe Miasto
  85. Wiskitki
  86. Maciejowice
  87. Latowicz
  88. Magnuszew
  89. Bodzanów
  90. Osieck
  91. Czerwińsk nad Wisłą
  92. Jastrząb
  93. Odrzywół
  94. Solec nad Wisłą
  95. Jadów
  96. Sienno
  97. Przytyk
  98. Głowaczów
  99. Gielniów
  100. Ciepielów

Politics

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Varshavadagi voyevodelik idorasi

Mazoviya voyevodaligi hukumatini Polsha Bosh vaziri tomonidan tayinlanadigan provinsiya voyevodi (gubernatori) boshqaradi. Keyin voyevodga o‘z vazifalarini bajarishda voyevodalikning marshali yordam beradi, u voyevodeylik ijroiya organi uchun tayinlangan ma’ruzachi bo‘lib, sejmik (provinsiya majlisi) tomonidan saylanadi. Mazoviyaning hozirgi voyevodi Konstanty Radziwiłł hisoblanadi.

Mazoviya Sejmi 51 a’zodan iborat.

Voyevodlar

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Muddat boshlanishi Muddat tugashi Voyevod Partiya Boshqa yuqori lavozimlari
1999-yil 1-yanvar[14] 2001-yil 20-oktyabr Antoni Pietkiewicz AWS Voivode of Kalisz (1990–1991)
2001-yil 21-oktyabr[15] 2006-yil 10-yanvar Leszek Mizieliński SLD Masovian vice-marshal (1998–2001)
2006-yil 10-yanvar[16] 2007-yil 17-yanvar Tomasz Koziński PiS Mayor of Praga-Południe (2002–2006)
2007-yil 18-yanvar[17] 2007-yil 1-fevral Wojciech Dąbrowski PiS Mayor of Żoliborz (2004–2006)
2007-yil 15-fevral[18] 2007-yil 29-noyabr Jacek Sasin PiS Deputy PM (since 2019), MP (since 2011)
2007-yil 29-noyabr[19] 2015-yil 8-dekabr Jacek Kozłowski PO Vice-Chairman of Poland 2050
2015-yil 8-dekabr 2019-yil 11-noyabr Zdzisław Sipiera PiS Mayor of Wola (2005–2006), MP (2019–2023)
2019-yil 25-noyabr 2023-yil 31-mart Konstanty Radziwiłł PiS Minister of Health (2015–2018), MP (2015–2019)
2023-yil 31-mart 2023-yil 13-dekabr Tobiasz Bocheński PiS Łódź Voivode (2019-2023)
2023-yil 13-dekabr Amalda Mariusz Frankowski PO Marshallik mahkamasida Mazoviya Voyevodaligi strategiyasi va mintaqaviy rivojlanish bo‘yicha direktor o‘rinbosari (2007-2011)

Varshava shahar kengashi raisi (2018-2023)

Protected areas

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A moose in the Kampinos National Park (a UNESCO-designated biosphere reserve)

Mazoviya voyevodaligidagi qo‘riqlanadigan hududlar bir milliy bog‘ va to‘qqizta landshaft bog‘ini o‘z ichiga oladi. Quyida ularning ro‘yxati berilgan.

Historical

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Historical regions in present-day Masovian Voivodeship and in Poland

Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795)

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Andoza:Details

Masovia Voivodeship, 1526–1795 (polyakcha: Województwo Mazowieckie) was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland, and of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, from the 15th century until the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1795). Together with Płock and Rawa Voivodeships, it formed the province (prowincja) of Masovia.

Masovian Voivodeship (1816–1837)

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Masovian Voivodeship was one of the voivodeships of Congress Poland. It was formed from the Warsaw Department and transformed into the Masovia Governorate.

Transport

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Koleje Mazowieckie (Masovian Railways)

Three major international road routes pass through the voivodeship: Cork–Berlin–Poznań–Warszawa–Minsk–Moscow–Omsk (European route E30), Prague–Wrocław–Warsaw–Białystok–Helsinki (E67) and Pskov–Gdańsk–Warsaw–Kraków–Budapest (E77).

Currently, there are various stretches of highways in the area, with the A2 highway connecting the region, and therefore the capital city, with the rest of Europe. The highway passes directly through the voivodeship from west to east, connecting it with Belarus and Germany. However, the A2 is yet to be built east of Warsaw to connect Poland with Belarus. The S7 expressway runs through Poland from the north to the south passing through Warsaw, the S8 connects Warsaw with Białystok, in the neighboring north-eastern province, also forming part of the Via Baltica which heads on to Lithuania, and to Wrocław in the south-west, and the S17 being built to connect Warsaw with Lublin in the south-east and on to Ukraine.

The two main railway carriers operating in the region are the regional Koleje Mazowieckie and nationwide PKP Intercity. Three of ten busiest railway stations of Poland are located in the voivodeship: Warszawa Centralna, Warszawa Wschodnia, Warszawa Zachodnia.[20]

The main international airport in the region is Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport.

Iqtisodiyoti

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Mazoviya voyevodaligi Polshaning eng boy viloyati hisoblanadi. Viloyatning yalpi ichki mahsuloti (YaIM) 2021-yilda 596 milliard zlotiyni tashkil etib, Polsha iqtisodiyotining 22,8% ini tashkil etdi. Xarid qobiliyatiga moslashtirilgan aholi jon boshiga to‘g‘ri keladigan YaIM o‘sha yili taxminan 123 000 zlotiyga teng bo‘lgan[21].

Ishsizlik

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Ishsizlik darajasi 2017-yilda 4.8% ni tashkil etgan va bu milliy va Yevropa o'rtacha ko'rsatkichidan yuqori bo‘lgan[22].

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Ishsizlik darajasi
(%) 		12.3 9.1 6.0 6.0 7.4 7.9 8.0 8.0 7.2 6.4 5.5 4.8

Turizmi va Manzaralari

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Varshava Eski Shahri, UNESCO ning Jahon Merosi Ro'yxatiga kiritilgan va Polshaning tarixiy yodgorligi hisoblanadi

Voyevodalikning eng mashhur turistik manzili poytaxt Varshava shahri bo'lib, uning Eski Shahar va Qirollik Qal’asi UNESCOning Jahon merosi ro'yxatiga kiritilgan va Polshaning tarixiy yodgorligi hisoblanadi[23]. Varshavadagi boshqa tarixiy yodgorliklarga Qirollik yo'li, bir nechta saroylar va bog'lar kiradi, jumladan, eng mashhurlari Łazienki saroyi va Wilanów saroyi, shuningdek, Varshava Suv filtrlari.

Boshqa tarixiy shaharlar qatoriga eski markazlari va bog'lari bo'lgan Radom, Yevropaning eng uzun toshli bozori bo'lgan Pułtusk va Polshaning sobiq o'rta asr poytaxti bo'lgan Płock kiradi. Uning Eski Shahar va Wzgórze Tumskie ("Sobor tepaligi") Płock qal'asi va Płock soborini o'z ichiga oladi, bu yerda Polshaning bir qancha monarxlarining sarkofaglari joylashgan.

Voyevodalikda bir nechta o'rta asrlarga oid qal'alar mavjud, jumladan Ciechanów, Czersk, Liw, Płock qal'alari va ko'plab saroylar, jumladan, Otwock Wielki, Guzów, Radziejowice, Krubki-Górki, Sanniki, Korczew va Varshavadagi boshqa saroylar. Cherkov yodgorliklari orasida Płockdagi Mariavit cherkovining markazi bo'lgan Mercy va Charity ibodatxonasi, Polshadagi eng yaxshi saqlangan Romanesk cherkovlaridan biri Czerwińsk nad Wisłądagi Abbey cherkovi va gotika-renessans uslubidagi mustahkamlangan Brochówdagi avliyo Roch, Avliyo Ioann Baptisti cherkovi va Fryderik Chopinning cho'qintirish joyi bor. Otwock, Józefów va Varshavada mahalliy Świdermajer arxitektura uslubi mavjud. Shuningdek, Modlin qal'asi va Varshava qal'asi ham mavjud.

Voyevodalikdagi yagona kurort shahar Konstancin-Jeziorna hisoblanadi.

Zelazowa Wolada va Varshavada Fryderyk Chopin va kimyogar Marie Curie'ning tug'ilgan joylarida ularga bag'ishlangan muzeylar mavjud. Varshavada Fryderyk Chopin muzeyi ham mavjud. Mashhur Uyg'onish davri shoiri Yan Koxanovskiyga bag'ishlangan muzey Czarnolasda joylashgan. Opinogóra Górnadagi Krasiński saroyida Romantizm muzeyi joylashgan.

Ikkinchi jahon urushiga bag'ishlangan ko'plab yodgorliklar, jumladan, natsistlarning polyaklarni ommaviy qirg'in yodgorliklari, Palmiry va Holokost yodgorliklari, shuningdek, sobiq natsistlar Germaniyasining Treblinka qirg'in lageri, Varshavadagi Pawiak qamoqxonasi va Pruszkówdagi Dulag 121 lageri joylashgan.

Sport

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Varshavadagi Kazimierz Górski milliy stadioni, UEFA Yevro-2012, 2014-yilgi FIVB voleybol bo‘yicha erkaklar o‘rtasidagi jahon chempionati, 2017-yilgi erkaklar o‘rtasidagi voleybol bo‘yicha Yevropa chempionati va Polshaning Speedway Gran-prisi arenalaridan biri

Futbol, gandbol, voleybol va basketbol voyevodalikda eng ko‘p qiziqish uyg‘otadigan sport turlari hisoblanadi. Muvaffaqiyatli klublarga futbol va basketbolda "Legiya Varshava" va "Poloniya Varshava", gandbolda esa "Visla Plock" kiradi.

Viloyat tashkil etilgandan beri bir qator yirik xalqaro sport musobaqalari viloyat tomonidan qo‘shma mezbonlik qilingan, jumladan: 2002-yil Og‘ir atletika bo‘yicha jahon chempionati, 2003-yil Qisqa trek bo‘yicha tezlikda konkida uchish bo‘yicha jahon chempionati, 2009-yil UCI Velosport bo‘yicha trekda poyga bo‘yicha jahon chempionati, YevroBasket 2009, UEFA Yevro 2012, 2014-yil FIVB Voleybol bo‘yicha erkaklar o‘rtasidagi jahon chempionati, 2017-yil Erkaklar o‘rtasidagi Yevropa voleybol chempionati, 2018 yil FIVB Voleybol bo‘yicha erkaklar klublar o‘rtasidagi jahon chempionati, 2019-yil UCI Velosport bo‘yicha trekda poyga bo‘yicha jahon chempionati, 2023-yil Erkaklar o‘rtasidagi gandbol bo‘yicha jahon chempionati.

Dunyodagi ikkinchi eng chuqur suzish havzasi Deepspot, Mszczonów shahrida joylashgan.

Qiziqarli maʻlumotlar

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Galereya

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See also

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References

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 GUS „Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June“ (en). stat.gov.pl. 2021-yil 19-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 11-sentyabr.
  2. ↑ „EU regions by GDP, Eurostat“. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 18-sentyabr.
  3. ↑ „Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab“ (en). hdi.globaldatalab.org. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 13-sentyabr.
  4. ↑ „Mazowieckie Province“. Archiwum Mazowieckie. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 5-iyun.
  5. ↑ „MAZOVIA heart of Poland“. Mazowieckie Voivodeship. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 5-iyun.
  6. ↑ Zych, Maciej. List of English names of major geographical features situated in the territory of the Republic of Poland. United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, 9 March 2023. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 6-iyun. 
  7. ↑ Another English rendering of the province's name derived from the name Mazowsze is "Mazowsze Voivodship" or "Mazowsze Province".
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 „WHY WARSAW? - Aquatherm Warsaw“. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 10-aprel.
  9. ↑ Internet, JSK „Mazowieckie Province“. 2019-yil 30-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 10-aprel.
  10. ↑ Andoza:Cite Polish law
  11. ↑ Konopczyński, Władysław. Chronologia sejmów polskich 1493–1793 (pl). Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, 1948 — 133, 136, 139–140-bet. 
  12. ↑ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2022 — 224, 314, 328–329, 371, 373-bet. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1. 
  13. ↑ „Division of Poland“ (2024-yil 3-aprel).
  14. ↑ „Bez lubuskiego i świętokrzyskiego - Archiwum Rzeczpospolitej“. archiwum.rp.pl. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 3-may.
  15. ↑ Redakcja „Zmarł Leszek Mizieliński, były wojewoda mazowiecki“ (pl-PL). Echo Dnia Radomskie (2017-yil 16-yanvar). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 3-may.
  16. ↑ „Tomasz Koziński Radny m.st. Warszawy“ (pl-PL). um.warszawa.pl. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 3-may.
  17. ↑ „Wprost: Dąbrowski jeździł pijany na rowerze“ (pl). Serwis Samorządowy PAP. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 3-may.
  18. ↑ „Jacek Sasin“. businessinsider.com.pl. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 3-may.
  19. ↑ Polska, Grupa Wirtualna „Jacek Kozłowski ponownie wojewodą mazowieckim“ (pl-PL). www.money.pl. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 3-may.
  20. ↑ „Wymiana pasażerska na stacjach“ (pl). Portal statystyczny UTK. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 19-may.
  21. ↑ „Oto gdzie powstaje polski PKB. Najszybciej rozwija się Pomorze“ (pl). Businessinsider (2022-yil 30-dekabr). Qaraldi: 2023-yil 5-dekabr.
  22. ↑ „Regional Unemployment by NUTS2 Region“. Eurostat.
  23. ↑ Andoza:Cite Polish law
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Andoza:Masovian Voivodeship Andoza:Voivodeships of Poland 

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