Chinthe

Ushbu maqola Birma madaniyatidagi sherlar Manusiha haqida

Kirish joyini qoʻriqlayotgan ikki sher, Shwedagon Pagoda^[1]

Chinthe (birma tilida: ခြင်္သေ့ (IPA: [tɕʰɪ̀ɰ̃ðḛ]); Mon: ဇာဒိသိုၚ် ([cɛ̀atìʔsaŋ]); Shan: သၢင်ႇသီႈ ([sàːŋ si])) birmacha so‘z bo‘lib, “sher” ma’nosini bildiradi^[2]^[3]. Chinthe leografi birma ikonografiyasi va arxitekturasida, ayniqsa, buddist pagodalari va kyaung (yoki buddist monastirlari) kiraverishlarida yonma-yon joylashgan qoʻriqchilar juftligi sifatida tasvirlangan^[4]^[5]^[6].

Mahalliy sher

Ommabop xorijiy e'tiqodlardan farqli o'laroq, Chinthe afsonaviy mavjudot^[7] emas, balki buning o'rniga butunlay tabiiy sher, ko'pincha voqealar Budda-Birma miflari bilan bog'liq.^[8]

Birma leografi Osiyo mintaqasidagi boshqa stilize qilingan sherlar bilan bogʻliq boʻlib, jumladan, Tailand, Kambodja, Laos va Shri - Lankaning simhasi ( kēngīīn ) bilan bogʻliq boʻlib, u Shri-Lankada koʻzga tashlanadi. Bu, shuningdek, Xitoyning qo'riqchi sherlari, Yaponiyaning komainu, Okinava shisa va Tibetning qor sherlari kabi Sharqiy Osiyo leograflari bilan bog'liq.

Kelib chiqishi

Nega sherlar pagodalar va ibodatxonalarning kirishlarini qo'riqlashi haqidagi hikoya Mahavamsada keltirilgan.

Vanga qirolligidagi malika Suppadevi (hozirgi Bengaliya ) sherga uylanganidan keyin Sinxabaxu ismli o'g'il ko'rdi , lekin keyinchalik sherni tashlab ketdi, sher g'azablanib, butun mamlakat bo'ylab Suppadevini izlab yo'lga chiqdi. Keyin Suppadevining o'g'li bu sherdan onasini himoya qilishga harakat qiladi va uni o'diradi. O'g'li sherni o'ldirganini aytib, onasining oldiga qaytib keldi va keyin o'z otasini o'ldirganini bildi. Keyinchalik o'g'li gunohini yuvish uchun ma'badning qo'riqchisi sifatida sherning haykalini quradi^[9].

Davlat muhrlaridagi sher ramzi^[10]

1000 Kyat qog'oz pul

Birma madaniyatida

Chinthe leografiyasi birma ikonografiyasining elementi sifatida ko'plab hurmatga sazovor narsalarda, jumladan palin ( Birma qirollik taxti) va Birma qo'ng'iroqlarida paydo bo'ladi.

Pul uchun tangalardan foydalanishdan oldin, shtapel buyumlarning standart miqdorini o'lchash uchun, odatda , Chinthe kabi ramziy hayvonlar shaklidagi mis og'irliklar ishlatilgan.

Birma burjida sher belgisi^[11] seshanba kuni tug'ilgan shaxslarning vakili hisoblanadi.

Leograf mustaqillikdan keyingi davlat muhrlarida (jumladan, Myanmaning hozirgi Davlat muhri ) va Birma kyatining qog'oz nominallarida ko'zga tashlanadi va uning haykallari ko'pchilik pagodalar va ibodatxonalarning qo'riqchi haykallari sifatida topilgan.

Galereya

Ananda ibodatxonasi^[12] Baganning Ananda ibodatxonasi tomida
Stilizatsiyalangan sher boshining yaqindan ko'rinishi,^[13] Ananda ibodatxonasi
Myanmaning Bagan shahridagi ma'bad qo'ng'irog'i
Dhammayazika Pagodadagi sher haykali, Bagan, Myanma
Bir juft oq sherlar^[14] Mandalay tepaligiga kirishni qo'riqlash
Myanmaning Bagan shahridagi So Hla Vaingning Chinthe
Chinthe Mingun Bell tepasida^[14]

Ikkinchi jahon urushi chinditlariga munosabat

Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida britaniyalik brigadir Orde Vingeyt Birmadagi yapon liniyalari orqasida uzoq masofaga o'tish operatsiyalari bilan shug'ullangan kuchlarga qo'mondonlik qildi. Birma miltiqlari kapitani Aung Thinning taklifiga ko'ra , Vingeyt bu kuchni "Chinthes" (sherlar ) deb atashga qaror qildi - bu nom "Chinditlar" ga aylanib, jahon urushi yilnomalarida qayd etilgan^[15].

Yana qarang

Manba

↑ Shwedagon, Symbol of Strength and Serenity. Yangon, Burma: Yangon City Development Committee, 1997 — 25-bet.
↑ Myanmar-English Official Dictionary. Yangon, Burma: Department of the Myanmar Language Commission, 1993 — 79-bet.
↑ United States, Congress. Hearings. Washington, USA: U.S Government Printing Office, 1945 — 3-bet.
↑ Session, I.A.H Congress. Proceedings of the 4th Session of Indian Art History Congress. Virginia, USA: University of Virginia, 1996 — 100-bet.
↑ Arts of Asia: Volume 35, Issues 1-2. Virginia, USA: AOA Publications, 2005 — 111-bet.
↑ Ralph Isaacs, T.Tichard Blurton. Visions from the Golden Land: Burma and the Art of Lacquer. Landon, England: British Museum, 2000 — 169-bet. ISBN 9780714114736.
↑ Sergei Sergeevich Ozhegov, Irene Moilanen. Mirrorred in Wood: Burmese Art and Architecture. White Lotus Press, 1999 — 67-bet. ISBN 9789747534009.
↑ Bunyard, Britt A.. Walking to Singapore: A Year off the Beathen Path in Southeast Asia. U.S.A: Writers Club Press of iUniverse, 2000 — 401-bet. ISBN 9781469772981.
↑ „Image 5 of 20“. myanmar-image.com. 2017-yil 11-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2010-yil 17-sentyabr.
↑ Burma, Information and Broadcasting Department. Burma's Fight for Freedom: Independence Commemoration. Yangon, Burma: Superintendent, Government Print. and Stationery, 1948 — 119-bet.
↑ Shwechinthe Birmans^{[sayt ishlamaydi]}
↑ The Atlas of Dream Places: A Grand Tour of the World's Best-loved Destinations. Konecky & Konecky, 2002 — 214-bet. ISBN 9781568523576.
↑ Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra. Ancient India. Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass (MLBD), 1960 — 497-bet.
↑ ^14,0 ^14,1 Dr., Tin Mg Oo. Aspects of Myanmar Culture. Yangon, Burma: Cho-Tay-Than Bookhouse, 2005 — 28-bet.
↑ Duckworth, L.B (1945). Your Men in Battle: The Story of the South Staffordshire Regiment- 1939-45. Michigan, USA: Express and Star. p. 17.

Havolalar

[1] Shwedagon, Symbol of Strength and Serenity. Yangon, Burma: Yangon City Development Committee, 1997 — 25-bet.

[2] Myanmar-English Official Dictionary. Yangon, Burma: Department of the Myanmar Language Commission, 1993 — 79-bet.

[:0-3] United States, Congress. Hearings. Washington, USA: U.S Government Printing Office, 1945 — 3-bet.

[4] Session, I.A.H Congress. Proceedings of the 4th Session of Indian Art History Congress. Virginia, USA: University of Virginia, 1996 — 100-bet.

[5] Arts of Asia: Volume 35, Issues 1-2. Virginia, USA: AOA Publications, 2005 — 111-bet.

[6] Ralph Isaacs, T.Tichard Blurton. Visions from the Golden Land: Burma and the Art of Lacquer. Landon, England: British Museum, 2000 — 169-bet. ISBN 9780714114736.

[7] Sergei Sergeevich Ozhegov, Irene Moilanen. Mirrorred in Wood: Burmese Art and Architecture. White Lotus Press, 1999 — 67-bet. ISBN 9789747534009.

[8] Bunyard, Britt A.. Walking to Singapore: A Year off the Beathen Path in Southeast Asia. U.S.A: Writers Club Press of iUniverse, 2000 — 401-bet. ISBN 9781469772981.

[MyanmarImage-9] „Image 5 of 20“. myanmar-image.com. 2017-yil 11-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2010-yil 17-sentyabr.

[10] Burma, Information and Broadcasting Department. Burma's Fight for Freedom: Independence Commemoration. Yangon, Burma: Superintendent, Government Print. and Stationery, 1948 — 119-bet.

[11] Shwechinthe Birmans^{[sayt ishlamaydi]}

[12] The Atlas of Dream Places: A Grand Tour of the World's Best-loved Destinations. Konecky & Konecky, 2002 — 214-bet. ISBN 9781568523576.

[13] Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra. Ancient India. Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass (MLBD), 1960 — 497-bet.

[TinMgOo-14] 14,0 ^14,1 Dr., Tin Mg Oo. Aspects of Myanmar Culture. Yangon, Burma: Cho-Tay-Than Bookhouse, 2005 — 28-bet.

[15] Duckworth, L.B (1945). Your Men in Battle: The Story of the South Staffordshire Regiment- 1939-45. Michigan, USA: Express and Star. p. 17.

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